THE GOVERNMENT AUDIT IN THE CONTROL OF PUBLIC RESOURCES IN MEXICO.

This paper presents an approach of the Government Audit used for the control of public resources in Mexico, by the Superior Audit of the Federation. It is a documentary investigation with an exploratory and descriptive scope, the method of which will obtain the information from the results of the audits of the public account 2020 carried out by the Superior Audit of the Federation, where the number of audits carried out and the fiscal resources are observed

Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Mortality / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. @*Methods@#We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). @*Results@#There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. @*Conclusions@#During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT.

Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). @*Results@# Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). @*Conclusions@# Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.

Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). @*Results@# Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). @*Conclusions@# Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.

La ideología de género como exceso: Pánico moral y decisión ética en la política colombiana / A ideologia de gênero como excesso: Pânico moral e decisão ética na política colombiana / Gender ideology as excess: Moral panic and ethical decision in colombian politics

Resumen Este artículo analiza el despliegue de la ideología de género en Colombia a partir de dos episodios que revelan el alcance y las estrategias del activismo religioso y político conservador: las protestas contra el material pedagógico diseñado por el Ministerio de Educación para combatir la homofobia y transfobia en los colegios, y el triunfo del "no" en la refrendación popular del acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno y la guerrilla de las Farc-EP. Se propone entender la ideología de género más allá del ámbito religioso, concretamente, en sus dimensiones moral y ética, y en su conexión con la política. La tesis central del documento es que el uso que se hace de esta noción en la arena pública sirve de soporte a proyectos de construcción de nación y ciudadanías, en los que el miedo da forma a las figuras del pueblo y su otro: las personas señaladas de promover la ideología de género.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o desdobramento da ideologia de gênero na Colômbia a partir de dois episódios que revelam o alcance e as estratégias do ativismo religioso e político conservador: os protestos contra o material pedagógico elaborado pelo Ministério de Educação para combater a homofobia e a transfobia nos colégios, e o triunfo do "não" no referendo popular do acordo de paz entre o governo e a guerrilha das Farc-EP. Propõe-se entender a ideologia de gênero para além do âmbito religioso, concretamente, em suas dimensões moral e ética, e em sua conexão com a política. A tese central do documento é que o uso que se faz desta noção na arena pública serve de suporte a projetos de construção de nação e cidadanias, em que o medo dá forma às figuras do povo e seu outro: as pessoas apontadas por promoverem a ideologia de gênero.

Abstract This article analyzes the deployment of gender ideology in Colombia, based on two episodes that reveal the scope and strategies of conservative religious and political activism: protests against a pedagogical material designed to combat homophobia and transphobia in schools, and the popular endorsement of the Peace Agreement between the government and the FARC guerrillas. It proposes to understand the gender ideology beyond the religious sphere, in its moral and ethical dimensions, and in connection with politics. It argues that this object serves as support for projects of nation and citizenship building, in which fear shapes the figures of the people and their other: gender ideologues.

Infection by Mycobacterium bovis in a dog from Brazil

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC). This disease rarely affects dogs. Canine infections are usually caused by M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis infections are rare in dogs and associated with consumption of raw milk or contaminated products. Here, we report a Boxer dog who had a M. bovis infection and was admitted to a Brazilian veterinary hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic ehrlichiosis. Despite receiving treatment for chronic ehrlichiosis, it progressed to death. TB was diagnosed during post-mortem examinations using histopathological analysis. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed acid-fast bacilli in the kidneys, liver, mesentery, and a mass adhered to the liver. Further, PCR-restriction analysis was performed to identify mycobacteria in the samples. A restriction profile compatible with MtbC was found in the lungs. In addition, PCR-based MtbC typing deletions at different loci of chromosome 9 enabled the identification of M. bovis in the lungs. Therefore, it is very essential to perform differential diagnosis of TB in dogs with non-specific clinical signs and who do not respond to treatment, particularly those who had been in contact with TB-infected cattle or owners. Further, we highlight the use of molecular methods for the identification of bacilli, improving the diagnosis and aiding epidemiological studies.

Transformations sociodemographic and living conditions in two indigenous and black populations in northern Cauca in the period between 1993-2005 / Transformaciones sociodemográficas y de condiciones de vida en dos pueblos indígenas y poblaciones negras en el norte del Cauca en el período intercensal 1993-2005

Objectives: To describe the changes occurred in some sociodemographic variables and in the living conditions among the Nasa, Guambiana and Afrocolombian populations in the northern region of the department of Cauca, and those occurred in two white-mestizo and black residential sectors in Cali, during the 1993-2005 period.Methods: It is a descriptive study for which several sociodemographic indicators were calculated through the processing of census microdata of the years 1993 and 2005: juvenile dependency rate; total masculinity index; mean household size; specific and global fecundity, and infant mortality rates; life expectancy; mean years of schooling; health coverage; and percentage of population with unmet basic needs (UBN). In this way, the notorious differences in the sociodemographic and standard of living trends between the different populations under study can be stressed.Results: The Guambiana population of the Silva town presents lower fertility rates than the Nasa population, still characterized for presenting early fertility rates. Unlike the northern Cauca Indian people, the Afrocolombian population from this region and the one resident in Cali’s black popular urban classes tends to show similar socio-demographic patterns.Conclusions: Although there have been deep changes during this period among the populations under study, the ethnic-racial inequalities seem to persist. From this first diagnosis, attention is called to the need for a more adequate reproductive health policy to attend the specific needs present among the Indian population