Clinico – Epidemiological Profile, Pattern and Outcome of Abdominal Trauma in A Level 1 Trauma Centre in South India

Introduction: Abdomen is the third most common region tobe affected in trauma in the form of penetrating or blunt injuryin which the latter is often overlooked. The profile and patternof abdominal trauma is changing with time with significantincrease in urban population, faster vehicle on roads,industrialization and a change in the socioeconomic values.Aims and Objectives: To study the proportion, cause, pattern,management and outcome of patients presenting withabdominal trauma to the emergency department.Material and methods: The study was conducted as aHospital based descriptive cross-sectional study in JawaharlalInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research(JIPMER) Hospital, Puducherry which is a level 1 traumacentre. The study period was from August 2016 to May2018. All patients who presented to JIPMER EmergencyMedical Services (EMS) with clinical evidence of abdomentrauma were included. Details on pre-hospital care, mode ofinjury, clinical presentation, management and outcome wererecorded.Results: Among total patients, 49% patients were between21 to 40 years age group. Road traffic accident was thecommonest cause of abdominal trauma with 68% casesfollowed by trauma due to fall from height in 13% cases.Among 153 subjects, blunt injury was found in 87% whilepenetrating injury was found in 13% of patients. Solid organinjury was found in 86 cases and hollow viscus injury wasobserved in 29 cases. Among the study group, 100 patientswere managed conservatively and 53 patients were managedsurgically. In this study, shortest duration of hospital stay wasone day and longest duration was 60 days.Conclusion: RTA forms the most common mode of injury inabdominal trauma. FAST is a reliable and quick investigationto diagnose abdominal trauma. Majority of the Blunt injuryabdomen cases can be managed conservatively.

Patrones de variación espacial y temporal de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos en la Laguna de Tecocomulco, Hidalgo (México)

Spatial and temporal variation patterns in aquatic macroinvertebrates of Tecocomulco Lake, Hidalgo (México). Lake Tecocomulco, Hidalgo, is a relic of the ancient lakes of Anahuac, important for the conservation of resident and migratory birds. However, the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates is unknown; this is an important gap in conservation as they play an important role in the food web. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal variations in macroinvertebrate assemblages and their relationship with habitat characteristics. We carried out four monitoring campaigns covering the rainy and dry seasons. The monitoring was conducted at six study sites (four in the littoral zone and two in the middle part of the lake), environmental factors were recorded at each study site, water samples were collected for their physical and chemical analysis and aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to group study sites based on physical and chemical characteristics. Richness of taxa was analysed with rarefaction. We assessed the importance value index of each taxon (considering their frequency of occurrence and abundance). Similarity analyzes were performed between study sites and similarity of taxa with indices of Jaccard and Bray-Curtis, respectively. We performed a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) between environmental factors and macroinvertebrate taxa. The PCA showed a marked seasonal variation represented by warm periods, with high values of conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, sulfates, and macronutrients (N and P) and the cold period with low values. We found a total of 26 taxa of aquatic macroinvertebrates and the highest richness was found in August. The Jaccard similarity analysis found differences between the littoral area and the limnetic zone, which differ also in the composition of macrophytes. The littoral zone had the highest taxa richness of macroinvertebrates and macrophytes, while the lowest diversity was found in the offshore zone. The CCA related physicochemical characteristics of the water body with macroinvertebrate taxa showing the influence of both physicochemical characteristics and the composition of macrophytes in the spatio-temporal patterns of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the lake. The dominance of Corixidae highlights a strong grazing activity in the lake and in turn suggests an important amount of food available for higher trophic levels. Our study shows that the macroinvertebrates of Tecocomulco Lake have spatial and seasonal variations that are related to both environmental and biotic factors with groups being dominant. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 2): 81-96. Epub 2014 April 01.

La Laguna de Tecocomulco (Hidalgo) es un relicto de los antiguos Lagos del Anáhuac con suma importancia para la conservación de aves acuáticas. No obstante, se desconoce su composición de macroinvertebrados. En el presente estudio se analizaron las variaciones espaciales y temporales de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos de la laguna. Se realizaron cuatro campañas de monitoreo (lluvias y estiaje). Se estudiaron seis sitios (litorales y en interior de la laguna), se registraron factores ambientales, se determinaron parámetros de calidad del agua y se recolectaron macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Se obtuvo la riqueza de familias y se calculó su Índice de Valor de Importancia. Se realizaron análisis multivariados de ordenación por componentes principales (ACP) con base en sus características físicas y químicas y de similitud entre sitios y familias con los índices de Jaccard y Bray-Curtis. Tambien se hizo un análisis de correspondencias canónicas (ACC) de factores ambientales y macroinvertebrados acuáticos y macrófitas. El ACP mostró la variación estacional, con el período cálido (mayo y agosto) y el periodo frío (noviembre y enero) mostrando altos valores de conductividad, alcalinidad, dureza, sulfatos y macronutrientes (N y P). Se encontraron 26 familias de macroinvertebrados, con la máxima riqueza en agosto. El análisis de similitud de Jaccard diferenció los sitios litorales por su mayor riqueza de familias de la zona limnética, mismos que presentan diferencias en la composición de macrófitas. El estudio revela que la Laguna de Tecocomulco tiene variaciones espaciales y temporales relacionadas tanto con factores ambientales como bióticos con la presencia de grupos dominantes. En ese sentido, y considerando su diversidad de macroinvertebrados, la Laguna de Tecocomulco debe ser sujeta a un plan de conservación y manejo.

Uso del fijador externo Alvarez Cambras en las fracturas diafisarias cerradas de la tibia / Use of RALCA external fixator in closed diaphyseal fractures of the tibia

Se realiza un estudio en 30 pacientes que sufrieron fracturas diafisarias de la tibia, los cuales fueron tratados por el método de fijación externa con el aparato midelo RALCA del profesor Rodrigo Alvarez Cambras. En el estudio se demuestran los resultados satisfactorios con el uso de este aparato, que reduce las complicaciones inherentes al procedimiento quirúrgico, la estadía hospitalaria, el tiempo de consolidación de las fracturas, así como la enfermedad fracturaria