RESUMEN
Background: Aflatoxins are one of the highly toxic secondary metabolites, which are mainly produced by Aspergillus parasiticus. This species frequently cause of food and agricultural products contamination including cereals, peanuts, and crops in the field. During recent years, researchers have considered research on elimination of aflatoxin and antifungal effects of medicinal herbals, such as Alpinia galanga L and Dorema aucheri. In this study, the effect of A.galanga L and D.aucheri a natural compound was examined on Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxins production and the aflR gene expression
Materials and Methods: Antifungal susceptibility A.galanga L and D.aucheri was performed according to CLSI document M38-A2. Quantitative changes in aflR gene level of expression were analyzed by Real-time PCR method
Results: Our result obtained that the MIC of extracts on A. parasiticus growth 250 mg/mL for D.aucheri and 800 mg/mL for A.galanga L. D.aucheri has antitoxic properties as well as its effective ability to decrease aflatoxin production. The level of aflR gene expression was decreased significantly after the exposure of fungal cell to D.aucheri extract, but A.galanga L didn't have significant effect
Conclusion: This research indicated that D.aucheri has antifungal effects more than A.galanga L. Due to our obtained result we can suggest that D.aucheri herbal extract may have antifungal potential in medicine or agriculture
RESUMEN
Occupational risk of dental personnel to microbial airborne contamination has been demonstrated through the increased prevalence of respiratory infections. The American Dental Association has suggested stringent protection for infectious agents present in dental aerosols. Materials and Occupational exposure of dentists to airborne microbial and mycological contamination in various locations of a dental school was monitored by sampling of air in close vicinity of their breathing zone. This sampler drew air at a flow rate of 10 liters/minute and for a 2-hour period and blew it at a high speed through a narrow slit over a solid nutrient agar plate. Immediately after sampling, the plates were placed in an incubator and incubated aerobically for 2 days at 37C. The total bacterial counts in the air of dental surgery rooms and in non-surgery rooms without direct involvements with dental operations were in the range of 120-280 cfu/m3 and 49-128 cfu/m3 respectively. Pathogenic Streptococcus haemolyticus and opportunistic Staphylococcus species were found in some locations of dental surgery rooms. There are no standards for acceptable levels of indoor air contamination with pathogenic microorganisms and since pathogenic Streptococcus haemolyticus and opportunistic Staphylococcus species were found in some areas of the dental school, the need for management of possible risk of infective hazards is recognized