Prevalence And Predicting Risk Factors Of Overweight And Obesity Among Primary School Pupils In Ramadi, Iraq

@#Childhood obesity is increasing at a dramatic rate that it can be considered a pandemic. The aim of this study is to address the prevalence of obesity among primary pupils in Ramadi City and to determine different risk factors associated with obesity among these children. A cross-sectional study was carried out and random selections of three primary schools were taken at the center of Ramadi City. A total of 512 pupils were included in this study (232 male and 280 female) to include all eligible children age 6 to 12 years. The study period was during the study year 2018-2019. Anthropometric measurements of height and body weight were carried out using standardized methods.The prevalence of overweight was 15.4% (85-97th percentile) and obese (=≥ 97th percentile) was 13.3%. The Mean BMI percentile of pupils was 17.8±3.9, range (11.3-37.5). Risk factors highly associated with overweight and obesity (P>0.05) were gender, increased age, mother education, taking breakfast and fruits, sitting in front of the TV. While daily vegetable intake and type of feeding at first 6 months after delivery were not found to be significantly associated with overweight and obesity in our study.The prevalence of overweight and obesity primary school children in this study are at an alarming level and the disease trends are growing in this country. Preventive pupils' health action is required for this age group.

Frequency of Lymphomatous Infiltration of Hodgkin’s & Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Bone Marrow by Bone Marrow Aspiration, Trephine Biopsy and Clot Section

Background: Lymphomas are malignant neoplasm of lymphoid cells, classified broadly in Hodgkin’s and Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and have variable tendency to metastasize to blood and bone marrow depending on their types. Methods: We performed bone marrow aspiration and biopsy on known patients of lymphoma diagnosed on Lymph node cytology or biopsy in the Department of Pathology King Georges Medical University along with general blood work up to know the incidence of various lymphomatous infiltrations and also to compare different procedure for their effectiveness. Patients already on treatment, relapsed cases of lymphoma and patients below 10 yrs of age group were excluded from the study. After taking proper history and consent, general examination and bone marrow procedure was done and clot section was also made. Results: We found that males were more commonly involved than females in both the type of lymphomas with majority of cases in both lymphoma group showed bimodal age distribution that is below 30 yrs and after 40 yrs. Most common type to infiltrate bone marrow was lymphoblastic lymphoma (75%) followed by large cell types and small cell types with equal frequencies of (66.7%). Bone marrow aspiration, clot section and biopsy did not show any statistical significant differences in the efficacy. Conclusion: lymphoma frequently metastasizes in the bone marrow and its frequency depends on the type of lymphoma.

Frequency of postnatal depression in a tertiary care hospital: A cross sectionalstudy

Background: Postnatal depression can affect health of among many mothers

Objective: To assess the frequency of depression among postnatal women in a tertiary care setting of Pakistan. Methodology: Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Two hundred and fifty Postnatal women were recruited voluntarily through Gynecology and Obstetrics ward Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan. A structured Proforma was prepared and later screened through 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]. The results were analyzed through SPSS version 21. Frequency of depression was presented as percentage

Results: The mean age of the postnatal recruited women was 27.5 years. It was noted that 75 [30%] of the Postnatal women were depressed; among Primigravida [28%] and Multigravida [30%] have depression. Poverty, lack of social support, female children only and birth of female child were enlisted as common among the risk factors

Conclusion: The study showed that one third the mothers have postnatal depression. Hence effective preventive strategy should be opted by the health care professionals for early detection and management. In addition to, awareness, de-stigmatization and vigilant measures should be taken in the community in order to prevent the distress

Ambiguous genitalia: A rare case report.

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) is a rare disorder of sexual development (DSD). A seven‑year‑old child with vagina and an elongated clitoris looking like a penile part of male external genitalia, presented in the Paediatric Surgery Department. Ultrasound of pelvis revealed a streak ovary on the right side and ovotestis on the left side. Uterus was not visualized. Karyotyping revealed 46, XY/45, XO genotype. Laparoscopic gonadectomy with vaginoplasty and the clitoral reduction was performed. A thorough histopathological examination of the specimen revealed structure of ovotestis‑consisting of the ovary with Graafian follicles, fallopian tube, infantile testis with Leydig and Sertoli cells, epididymis, vas deference, and pampiniform plexus. Presence of Graafian follicle in the ovary, Leydig and Sertoli cells in the testis, at this age makes this case extremely interesting. The child was rehabilitated to lead her life as a girl.

Primary Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma of ovary – An uncommon ovarian mass in a nine year old child.

Primary lymphomas of the ovary are extremely rare; their definitive diagnosis requires correlation of the clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. Secondary ovarian lymphomas are well known. We report a case of primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of ovary in a 9 year old female child with unilateral involvement, which was managed by salpingo-opherectomy and chemotherapy. Computed tomography revealed a large abdominal pelvic mass, without associated loco-regional or distant lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was established by histological study of the excised tissue. The case is rare because of its primary nature and location in this age group. Prognosis of primary ovarian lymphoma is the same as that of other primary nodal lymphomas. The authors aim to highlight the importance of considering this as a differential diagnosis in appropriate clinico-radiological scenario.

Prickly pear spine keratoconjunctivitis

To study the ocular and extra-ocular features, clinical presentation, and treatment of prickly pear glochids. This retrospective study included 23 eyes of 21 patients with ocular prickly pear spines who were seen between August and October 2011 in the outpatient ophthalmic clinic at Prince Rashid Bin Al Hassan military hospital in Jordan. Medical records of patients including age, gender, history of exposure to prickly pear plants, and ocular examination were reviewed. All glochids were localized and removed with forceps under topical anesthesia with the patient at the slit lamp. Patients were followed up after one week. The mean age of patients was 37.1 years with a male to female ratio of 1.6- 1. Involvement of the right eye was seen in 61.9% patients, left eye in 28.6% patients, and bilateral involvement in 9.5% patients. Glochids were most commonly found in the upper subtarsal conjunctival space [47.6%] followed by inferior palpebral conjunctiva in 23.8% eyes. The most common complaint was eye irritation in 95.2% patients. Pain was a complaint in 57.1% patients. Superior corneal epithelial erosions or ulcer were found in 33.3% patients, inferior corneal epithelial erosions in 19.1% patients, and diffuse epithelial erosions in 9.5% patients. Glochids were found in other parts of the body in 38.1% patients. Although prickly pear glochid ocular surface injury is not uncommon in the region during summer, it should be considered in patient with eye pain during that period. Farmers who are in close contact with prickly pears should use protective eyeglasses and gloves

Biologic systemic therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a review

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCT's] reporting efficacy of systematic treatments approved for moderate-to-severe psoriasis by means of the Psoriasis Area And severity Index [PASI]. We identified relevant articles by systematic electronic searches [Cochrane Library, Medline,]. Efficacy was defined as proportion of participants with > 75% decrease in PASI [PASI-75] at primary efficacy measurement [week8-16]. PASI-75 response rates of double-blind placebo-controlled trials were summarized as risk differences [RDs] and pooled using random effect models. Tolerability was assessed from rates of withdrawals and adverse events. Twenty-one RCT's totaling 7877 patients were analyzed qualitatively. Sixteen double-blind placebo-controlled trials were eligible for meta-analysis. Infliximab was significantly superior to all other interventions [RD 77%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 72-81%]. Adalimumab [RD 64%, 95% CI 61-68%] was superior to efalizumab [RD 24%, 95% CI 19-30%]. Etanercept 50 mg twice weekly [RD 44%, 95% CI 40-48%] and etanercept 25 mg twice weekly [RD 30%, 95% CI 25-35%]. Rates of withdrawals due to adverse events were highest for methotrexate and fumaric acid esters. There are considerable differences in efficacy between systemic biologic therapies which are approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Infliximab is most efficacious, followed by adalimumab. Patients receiving infliximab have an excess chance of 77% over placebo to achieve PASI-75 response. Published evidence questions regulatory guidelines that recommend biologics as second-line therapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis