RESUMEN
Introduction: Clinical Health Electives are an important part of academic curriculum in medical universities throughout the world. Electives are useful in developing personal and professional growth among students. Hence understanding the importance of electives among medical undergraduates on their academic life is important.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional based study was conducted among medical undergraduates in Karachi, Pakistan. A total number of 300 students from 3rd, 4thand 5thyear of MBBS were taken as a sample. Consent was taken from the participants and questionnaire was filled from everyone. Study population was selected who did at least one clinical elective in their whole academic period.Results: According to our analysed results, undergraduate students from both private and public sector medical institutes perceived clinical electives as an advantage to themselves. Majority of the students saw their clinical and academic performances to be on a higher level. This shows tha opting for electives regardless of its type (local or international) have proven to be fruitful for the undergraduates’ personal growth and academic career, allowing more scope for understudies to practice and enhance their skills they have only done a limited number of times, which inevitably leads to a steep learning curve.Conclusion: There was a positive influence of clinical electives observed among the students. Overall the academic and clinical performance of theundergraduates enhanced by opting clinical electives and has positive impact on them
RESUMEN
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] is defined as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. FEV1/FEV6 is a new more reliable spirometric index, which is derived from maneuvers that can be performed more easily and can detect early airway obstruction
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of FEV1/FEV6 by taking FEV1/FVC as gold standard in the detection of airway obstruction in chronic smokers. Study Design: Cross sectional [Validation] study. Setting: This study was conducted in the Department of Medical Unit-II, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Duration with Dates: Six months from 01-12-2014 to 31-05-2015
Subjects: A total of 192 patients were enrolled from Medical OPD of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Every patient was asked to take three practice attempts before actual readings were taken to avoid technical error. The patient was asked to breathe in as deeply as possible and then exhale. The both FEV1/FVC and FEV1/FEV6 were calculated for each patient
Results: The mean age of the patients were 42.1 +/- 8.9 years. There were 152 [79.2%] male and 40 [20.8%] female patients. The sensitivity of FEV1/FEV6 in the detection of airway obstruction was 88%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 85% and diagnostic accuracy 91%
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that FEV1/FEV6 is a sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of airway obstruction. FEV1/FEV6 can be used as a valid alternative for FEV1/FVC in the diagnosis of airway obstruction
RESUMEN
Objectives: To find out frequency of depression among Tuberculosis [TB] patients, to study the causes of depression in them and its effect on treatment and prognosis of T.B
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study
Study Area: Department of Chest Medicine District Head Quarters and Red Crescent T.B Hospital, Faisalabad
Duration of Study: March - May 2009. Study Population: TB patients admitted in Department of Chest Medicine DHQ and Red Crescent T.B Hospital, Faisalabad
Sample Size: Sample size was 60 TB patients
Sampling Technique: Convenience sampling technique
Data Collection Tool: Beck's Depression Inventory-II[BDI-II in Urdu] semistructured questionnaire was used for data collection for all TB patients who were able to understand it. Diagnosis was made as per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition [DSM-IV]
Results: Depression was present in about 80% of the hospitalized TB patient. It was more common in males about 86%, while in the females it was about 71%. According to age, young and elderly patients were found to be more affected. Majority of the TB patients had moderate depression, while some had severe and mild depression. Main causes of depression among the male TB patients 24.7% were due to altered social relationship and among female TB patients 23.33% were due to TB stigma
Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that 80% patients were suffering from depression. The frequency of depression was found to be 86% among males; while 71% of the female patients were found to be depressed. Main causes of depression among the male TB patients were altered social relationship and among female patients TB stigma. Depression had adverse effect on drug compliance and TB treatment