RESUMEN
Evidences suggest that besides the neurotransmitters contributing to the development of depression, renin-angiotensin system [RAS] may also have a substantial role. Certain polymorphisms of RAS are associated with over activity of RAS and depression. Considering that antidepressants reduce the actions of angiotensin II, the main product of RAS, this may come into mind that genetic polymorphisms of the mentioned system may affect the outcome of therapy in depressed patients. In the present study, 100 newly diagnosed depressed patients, according to DSM-IV criteria, were treated with 20 mg of fluoxetine for 8-12 weeks. Patients were categorized into responsive and non-responsive groups according to 50% reduction in symptoms. Genotype frequencies of angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] gene [ACE [I/D, A-240T and A2350G]] were then determined in DNAs extracted from venous blood of the patients using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR- RFLP] and PCR. Results indicate that polymorphisms studied and their haplotypes were not associated with better response to fluoxetine. However, a strong association between age and treatment in depressed Iranian patients was observed [P=0.001]. In conclusion, unlike previous reports, this study does not support the hypothesis of special genotypes of RAS contributing to a better response to antidepressants in depressed patients
RESUMEN
Objectives: To describe the executive function of patients with traumatic injury admitted to Rajaei hospital, Shiraz, Iran and to compare the executive function between normal individuals and those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD]
Methods: This was a case control study being performed during a 6-month period during spring and summer of 2013 in Shiraz level I trauma center. We included all patients admitted during the study period with impression of traumatic injury with or without adult ADHD. The patients' demographic factors were assessed through self-report questionnaire and executive functions by Wisconsin Card Sort Test [WCST] and Tower of London [TOL]. Results were compared between normal individuals and those with ADHD
Results: Among 60 patients evaluated during the study period, with impression of traumatic injury, 29 fulfilled adult ADHD criteria and 31 were normal. The mean age of ADHD patients was 27.16 +/- 5.6 years and that of normal individuals was 26 +/- 3.4 years [p=0.330]. There were no significant differences between two study groups regarding IQ [p=0.191] and education [p=0.396]. Patients with ADHD had significantly poorer mean in executive functions in different parts of the test scoring system when compared to normal individuals
Conclusion: ADHD patients with traumatic injury had poor executive function compared to normal individuals. This might lead to poor inhibition, shifting and problem solving in this population