Diagnostic accuracy of high frequency ultrasound and mammography in breast lump

The study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high frequency ultrasound and mammography in common breast lumps. Observational study. This study was carried at Radiology Department, LUMHS and NIMRA Jamshoro/Hyderabad and Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad from June 2008 to June 2012. A sample of 520 female of age 20 - 80 years presenting with breast lumps after initial examination were evaluated for further benignity or malignancy using ultrasonography and mammography. The findings were then compared with both diagnostic modalities. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by student t test and chi square test. A p value =/< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean +/- SD of age was noted as 45.69 +/- 10.77 years. Most of the patients were married [76.9%] and belonged to middle age group [51.5%]. There were insignificant associations observed when we compared the underlying diagnosis with the diagnostic techniques used [p=0.075]. On the other hand, the diagnosis in young age group was significantly made by using ultrasonography and in older group mammography was the diagnostic modality of choice [p = 0.020]. Non-invasive test such as ultrasonography should be the preferred technique in young patients who present clinically with abreast lump

Reliability of biparietal diameter [Bpd] measurement for assessment of gestational age: at tertiary care hospital

Objectives: To find out correlation between biparietal diameter and gestational age and its correspondence with LMP [Last Menstrual Period] and to determine the ultrasonographic criteria of BPD [Biparietal Diameter] measurement at different gestational ages of normal singleton pregnancy

Study design: A descriptive study

Place and duration: The study was conducted at Radiological department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences and Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from July 2005 to December 2005

Methodology: Pregnant women [n=100] with different gravidity and gestational age, carrying singleton fetus were examined by transabdominal scan using standard Curvilinear probes 3.5 M. Biparietal diameters at different gestational age were recorded and its accuracy was assessed

Results: Out of 100 women 76% correspond with LMP and gestational age by measuring BPD in second trimester as compare to third trimester where only 62% corresponded

Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that there is good correlation of BPD measurement by ultrasonography and gestational age. It is a reliable tool especially in those women where LMP is not known or doubtful, for assessing gestational age especially during earlier 2nd trimester of pregnancy than during late 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal scan in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy

Objective: To determine the value of transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of women with suspected ectopic pregnancy [EP], a life-threatening condition in early pregnancy

Design: Adescriptive study

Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the radiology department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences from February to August 2005

Patients and Methods: A total of 7155 consecutive women presented to the radiology department during study period. Among them, 100 women were enrolled for study by non-probability convenience sampling. These patients underwent pelvic ultrasound examination. Both transabdominal and transvaginal scans were performed simultaneously in the patients. Serum beta hCG levels of all patients were greater than 1500iu/ml

Results: Ultrasound correctly identified EP in 34 patients. Transvaginal sonography [TVS] demonstrated EP in 24 patients while transabdominal scan [TAS] identified EP in 9 patients. Ultrasound diagnosis included adnexal mass in 16 patients, ecogenic ring in 10 patients, extrauterine gestational sac in 4 patients, live embryo in one patient, and intrauterine fluid in 21 patients

Conclusion: Timely diagnosis of EP with the help of TVS and serum beta hCG is the modality of choice and plays a vital role in the decreasing mortality rate caused by this complication of pregnancy

Effects of mobile phone radiations on brain

Use of mobile phone has increased markedly in recent years. The debate regarding health effects of low intensity electromagnetic field radiation generated from mobile phones has dramatically influenced the lifestyle of all age group populations. Widespread concern continues in the community about the harmful effects of radiofrequency radiations on various human body tissues. Long term use of mobile phone can cause various hazardous effects on the human health including brain. The most frequent health problems due to the use of mobile phone on the brain reported worldwide are headache, dizziness, tension, sleep disturbance, loss of memory and the brain tumor. The aim of this review is to emphasize the different studies concerning the effects of mobile phone on brain. Keeping in view the effects of mobile phone radiation on the brain, it is suggested that long-term and unnecessary use of mobile phone should be avoided