RESUMEN
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a severe public health issue. Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors affect the development of coronary artery disease. There are several medicinal and interventional treatments offered to treat CAD. This study aimed to compare the complications associated with conservative and surgical treatments of CAD. Data was taken from PubMed, where 679 clinic trials and randomised control trials were chosen after adding filters and 25 studies were added by hand search. Articles were then analysed, and only ten studies were taken for meta-analysis. A total of 41025 patients were added to these studies, out of which 12077 were treated surgically and 28948 were treated by conservative management either by monotherapy or combined medicinal therapy. Further, the meta-analysis done with the help of Revman concluded that 6% (CI 0.00–16.8%) complication cases were reported in conservative treatment and 2% (CI 0.00–23%) in surgical treatment, where the I2 was 100%. Considering the treatments separately, 901 patients given monotherapy and 354 given combined medicinal therapy were reported to have complications. As per the surgical treatments, 509 cases were reported when treated by SAG, and MAG, 216 with PCI, and CABG, 40 when treated by EVH and OVH, and 10 patients faced complications when treated with angioplasty, reported to suffer complications after treatment. So, the surgical treatments, as per this review, have been proven to have less complications than conservative treatment.
RESUMEN
Breastfeeding is a fundamental aspect of infant nutrition and development. However, children born with cleft lip and palate face unique challenges in breastfeeding due to structural anomalies in their facial and oral regions. This study explores the intricate landscape of CLP, covering its epidemiology, complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors, and the specific challenges breastfeeding children with CLP and their mothers encounter. This review emphasizes the critical role of surgical interventions in CLP management, discussing the timing, techniques, and outcomes of these procedures. While surgical repair of CLP can enhance breastfeeding outcomes, it may also introduce temporary complications, including feeding difficulties, pain, and discomfort. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, specialized feeding equipment, emotional support, and targeted interventions. Moreover, the emotional well-being of mothers of infants with CLP is highlighted as an essential component of breastfeeding success. Maternal stress and emotional distress can hinder breastfeeding, emphasizing the importance of emotional support and counseling services. Successful breastfeeding in children with CLP is achievable with the right strategies and support systems, like comprehensive care, which acknowledges the complexity of CLP and emphasizes the need for a collaborative healthcare approach to ensure that children with CLP receive optimal nutrition and care during their critical early developmental stages.