RESUMEN
This study was performed to evaluate Coronary Arteries imaging by Computer Tomography (CT) and its ability to diagnose ischemic conditions among emergency department patients presented. To measure the sensitivity of coronary CT in the diagnosis of cardiac conditions, the study also assessed the correlation between variables such as age, sex, troponin level, Electrocardiogram (ECG), and symptoms with results of CT coronary. The research was done in the Emergency Department of Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January to June 2022. It includes 50 patients (males to females' ratio was 70% to 30%). All patients were diagnosed to have CT coronary abnormality. The results showed that related to patient symptoms, asymptomatic 6%, atypical chest pain 28%, chest pain 24%, palpitation 8%, and multiple symptoms 34%. The correlation between findings on ECG was that only (8%) had abnormal troponin levels. Calcium CT 28% and CT coronary were found to be abnormal in 48% of the patients, abnormal CT findings were found to be (52%) of the patients The most commonly reported symptoms by the patients were asymptomatic chest pain. There was no statistically significant association was seen between patients’ gender and symptoms or between symptoms reported and age. patients aged above 50 years had significantly higher CT findings (75%) than other age groups (p=0.004). However, there was no statistically significant association observed between CT findings and symptoms, ECGfindings, and troponin hormone levels. The study recommended that the CT coronary is the best way to diagnose ischemic coronary diseases.
RESUMEN
Given the inherent qualities of this medium, particularly when contrasted to enamel bonding, bonding to dentin is considered to be a less dependable approach. Further, when dentin is reduced, a sizable amount of cutting detritus coats the dentin's exterior, forming the smear layer. A steep decrease in interfacial adhesion over time has been attributed to the collagen web's inadequate resin impregnation as a result of the dentinal surface preparation with strong acidic agents like phosphoric acid, which left a zone of vulnerable collagen at the root of the hybrid smear layer. Self-etching priming agents that comprise acidic, non-cleansing, polymerizing monomers cause demineralization of the surface and encapsulate the collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals while dissolving the smear layer or incorporating it into the adhesion interface. The concurrent occurrence of dentinal demineralization and monomeric penetration prevents collagen from buckling and shields an exposed collagen web. There may be a drawback to including the smear layer in the hybrid layer, according to certain investigations. Adhesion issues could arise even though the smear layer is reinforced with impregnated resin. To achieve dependable, robust resin-dentin connections, such defects may need to be removed by integrating a distinct etching process because they can reduce the resistance and longevity of the conjugated smear layer. In relation to a traditional bonding system, is has been discovered that removing the smear layer with 0.5 M ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) before applying a self-etching primer result in greater bond strengths. Even though this approach integrates the smear layer within the adhesion interface, the pre-conditioning of dentin with just an acidic primer is highly convincing and merits additional exploration for the streamlined total-etching systems.