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Introduction and Aims: breakfast is the most important meal that plays an important role in adolescents' health. Eating breakfast caused to increasing the diet quality and preventing chronic diseases. This study examines not having breakfast and some related demographic factors in 14-18 years old adolescents of Sanandaj
Materials and Methods: in this study, 553, 14-18 years old students of Sanandaj's high schools were selected randomly. Providing a checklist, demographic and anthropometric information of all participant were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software, Chi-square test and t-test
Results: 41 [7.5%] of teens didn't have eat breakfast, and 59 [10.7%] had breakfast one or two days a week. Breakfast consumption was significantly higher in boys than girls [P < 0.001]. The results showed that the level of parental education was correlated with eating breakfast by adolescents [P < 0.05]. There was no significant relationship between body mass index in adolescents with eating breakfast [P = 0.16]. Breakfast consumption declined with age in adolescents [P < 0.003]
Conclusion: breakfast consumption in adolescents is influenced by demographic factors. Parents' high level of education, as well as higher employment levels influences the perseverance of having breakfast in adolescents during the week. Thus, parents play a decisive role in habits formation of eating breakfast in their teens
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Background: The Prangos ferulacea [PF]-yogurt is a traditional food in Iran. This study investigated the effects of PF on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt
Methods: Pasteurized low fat milk was heated up to 85 degreeC, cooled to 40 degreeC, and then mixed with conventional and Lactobacillus casei starter cultures incubated at 37 degreeC until pH decreased to 4.6. Then, the cooked PF was added to yogurt and stored at 5 degreeC for 21 days. Acidity, Syneresis, probiotic colony count and sensory evaluation of yoghurt was determined during the storage time. The experiments were replicated for three times. Probiotic yogurt [PY] was examined as the control and probiotic yoghurt containing 10, 20 and 30% Prangos ferulacea [PFY] as the samples
Results: Total titratable acidity of PFYs compared to PY was not significant during 21 days. The syneresis rate of PFY yogurt showed significant differences compared to PY during storage time [P<0.001]. Comparison of the mean scores of sensory attributes [taste, odor, syneresis, mouth feel and color] of PFY yogurt showed that there were no significant differences with PY. Enumeration of lactobacillus casei [logCFU/mL] revealed significant differences in PFYs compared to PY in each experimental day [P=0.040]. At the end of the storage time [day 21], the highest number of L.casei was observed in PY and PFY 20% and the lowest in PFY30%
Conclusion: Adding Prangos ferulacea [20%] to probiotic yogurt prevented an increase in acidity, a decrease in syneresis rate and an increase in the number of probiotic bacteria during 21 days. Results showed that the highest number of probiotic bacteria was seen in probiotic yogurt containing 20 percent Prangos ferulacea; probably, the existing fiber and some nutrients in Prangos ferulacea promoted the viability of probiotic bacteria
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Color vision deficiency [CVD] is an X chromosome-linked recessive autosomal dominant. Determine the prevalence of color blindness in Qazvin population. In a cross sectional study color vision deficiency examined in 1853 individuals with age 10-25 years old who participated in private clinics and eye clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Qazvin in 2010. The screening of color vision deficiency was performed using Ishihara test. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 with chi[2] test with p<0.05. Mean age of participant was 17.86 +/- 4.48 years. 59.5% of them were female. 3.49% of the total population had color vision deficiency that 0.93% and 2.56% were female and male respectively. Color vision deficiency must be noticed by decision makers in health field for screen planning
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery [CABG] is one of the most common surgery procedures performed annually in worldwide. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the early neurologic complications emerged after CABG surgery. In a cross-sectional study we have investigated 160 consecutive patients undergoing CABG between July 2008 and April 2011 in cardiac surgery ward. Risk factors that evaluated in our analysis consist of hypertension [HTN], diabetes, age, sex, perioperative Myocardial Infarction [MI], postoperative atrial fibrillation, duration of aortic clamp, severity of carotid artery stenosis and addiction. Our dependent variables were delirium, CVA and seizure. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 with Chi-square test and p<0.05. In our analysis, of total 160 patients, 58 [36.2%] were female. Mean age of patients was 62.7 +/- 9.6 years. Of total patients, 71 [44.4%] were found to have HTN, 35.6% had diabetes, 18.8% had atrial fibrillation, 30.6% had a history of preoperative MI and 10.6% had addiction. Mean time of aorta clamp time was 78.5 +/- 8.9 min. The incidence rate of delirium after CABG was 12 out of 160 patients [7.5%] and for CVA were 2 [1.2%]. There was not any seizure among our population. Of total patients, 7% of diabetic patients, 8.5% of patients with HTN, 16.7% with atrial fibrillation and 8.2% of patients with a history of preoperative MI affected with delirium after the CABG surgery. In our analysis, no significant correlation observed between delirium and these risk factors. In present study, duration of aortic clamp had a significant relation with CVA after CABG [p=0.0001]. According to this analysis, duration of aorta clamp time is one of the most important risk factors of CVA after CABG
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This study was conducted to investigate whether the length of the interval between a urinary tract infection and the performance of the voiding cystourethrogram influences the presence or severity of vesicoureteral reflux [VUR]. In this study 161 children with first episode of urinary tract infection were evaluated. Depending on time of performance of voiding cystourethrogram [VCUG], patients divided into two groups: early [within the first 7 days following treatment] and late [during second week or thereafter of the start of treatment]. The prevalence and severity of vesicoureteral reflux in both groups were compared. Out of 161patients, the early and late groups consisted of 75 and 86 patients, respectively. The prevalence of vesicouretral reflux in the early and late groups was 25.3% and 30.2%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between two groups regarding prevalence [P=0.598] and severity [P=0.379] of vesicoureteral reflux. This study showed that the prevalence and severity of VUR is not affected by timing of VCUG. Therefore, it is recommended that in children with urinary tract infection, VCUG should be done following negative urine culture as soon as possible.