Reducing the incidence of chronic lung disease in very premature infants with aminophylline

The objective of this study is to assess the safety and preventative effects of aminophylline on the incidence of chronic lung disease [CLD] in very premature infants. This was a long follow-up randomized clinical trial. The prophylactic effect of aminophylline on the incidence of CLD was investigated in very premature infants. The study group received aminophylline for the 1[st] 10 days of life and control infants received no aminophylline during the 1st 10 days of life. Fifty-two infants participated [26 aminophylline, 26 controls]. Premature infants on aminophylline had clearly shorter oxygen dependency time than those in the control group. Median time of oxygen dependency was 3 [0-9.5] days and 14 [3-40.5] days in group A and C, respectively [P: 0.001]. Incidence of CLD was significantly different between the two groups. Only two infants [8.7%] on aminophylline developed CLD, when compared to 11 infants [44.0%], who did not receive aminophylline [P: 0.006]. No side-effects were reported in the neonates [P: 1]. This study supports the preventative effects of aminophylline on the incidence of CLD in very premature infants. In other words, the more premature the infants, the greater will be the preventative effect of aminophylline on the incidence of CLD

effect of neutral oligosaccharides on reducing the incidence of necrotizing

Necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] is one of the most destructive diseases associated with conditions of neonatal prematurity. Supplementation with enteral prebiotics may reduce the incidence of NEC, especially in infants who fed exclusively with breast-milk. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of enteral supplementation of a prebiotic mixture [short chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long chain fructooligosaccharides [SCGOS/LCFOS]] versus no intervention on incidence of NEC in preterm infants. In a single-center randomized control trial 75 preterm infants [birth weight [BW]

comparison between the effect of fluorescent lamps and quartz halogen incandescent filament lamps on the treatment of hyperbilirobinemia in newborns with the gestational age of 35 weeks or more

Icter is the most prevalent disease in newborns. Although most of the newborns affiliated with this seem healthy in other aspects, there is always a fear for toxic complication of indirect hyperbilirobinemia in the central nervous system. Nowadays phototherapy is the method of decreasing [or avoidance of increase] of total serum bilirobin [TSB] and it is also used widely in neonatal health care centers according to the availably of equipment, but without any defined standard. In this study, two light sources, quarts halogen incandescent filament lamp [QHIFL] and fluorescent lamp [FL] are compared with each other to find out which method is more useful and efficient. This study is a randomized controlled trial done on 25 newborns with gestational age of 35 weeks or more, with newborn's icter in the 1[st] week after birth, at Isfahan Behesti Hospital, February 2012 to March 2013. A group of these newborns was treated with FL and the other with QHIFL and they all were controlled and tested according to their level of TSB at the beginning of phototherapy, at 8[th], 12[th], and 24[th] of treatment and at discharge. The data from the study was analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21. According to the findings, the level of TSB before and 8 h after the intervention had no significant difference among the groups. However, at 16[th] and 24[th] h of treatment, the TSB level was lower in the FL group and this difference was meaningful [P = 0.002 and P = 0.013 respectively]. Furthermore the duration of the treatment was significantly shorter in FL group meaningfully [P = 0.047]. According to the findings of this study, the technology used in QHIFL cannot show the capabilities of the FLs. However, more studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study are universal

Initial treatment of respiratory distress syndrome with nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure: a randomized controlled trial

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome [RDS] in premature infants who survived and its complications are a common problem. Due to high morbidity and mechanical ventilation [MV] nowadays researchers in interested minimizing MV. To determine, in very low birth weight [BW] preterm neonates with RDS, if initial treatment with nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation [early NIMV] compared with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure [early NCPAP] obtains more favorable outcomes in terms of the duration of treatment, and the need for endotracheal tube ventilation. In this single-center randomized control trial study, infants [BW 30%. Primary outcomes were failure of noninvasive respiratory support, that is, the need for MV in the first 48 h of life and for the duration of noninvasive respiratory support in each group. 98 infants were enrolled [44 in the NIMV and 54 in the NCPAP group]. The Preventive power of MV of NIMV usage [95.5%] was not lower than the NCPAP [98.1%] strength [hazard ratio: 0.21 [95% confidence interval: 0.02-2.66]; P: 0.23]. The duration of noninvasive respiratory support in the NIMV group was significantly shorter than NCPAP [the median [range] was 24 [18.00-48.00] h versus 48.00 [22.00-120.00] h in NIMV versus NCPAP groups; P < 0.001]. Similarly, the duration of dependency on oxygen was less, for NIMV [the median [range] was 96.00 [41.00-504.00] h versus144.00 [70.00-1130.00] h in NIMV versus NCPAP groups; P: 0.009]. Interestingly, time to full enteral feeds and length of hospital stay were more favorable in the NIMV versus the NCPAP group