Health promotion educational program for school age children in rural area

Introduction: Egyptian young population constitute 25% of the total population 90% of them are enrolled of school as any other national resource they are a potential capital that should be carefully developed and preserved and this necessitates both a good educational background and good health, without health our population will not be productive and without education it will not be skilled. The aim of this study: is to improve quality of life of school age children suffering from different health problems through identifying health needs of school children, and design, implement and evaluate an educational program based on experimental and control group post-program evaluation

Subjects and Methods: study was conducted in Meat Kenana Village, Toukh District in Qaliubeya Governorate;. All Fifth Grade Primary School children from 15 mixed schools were taken as the experimental group [653]. The study composed of 364 school age children, their age ranged from 10 -11 years who were selected randomly regardless of educational level and gender from primary school in rural area. Data were collected about the school children educational needs and practices, using 3 tools, an arabic pre- designed questionnaire about demographic characteristic of school children, their knowledge about health, personal hygiene, nutrition, sleep pattern, importance of exercise, dangers of smoking, addiction and Bilharziasis prevention. An observation checklist: for school children in order to assess the general hygiene of children [clothes, hair, face, eyes, nose, mouth, teeth, ears, and hands cleaning]. An observation checklist for assessment of the school environment. It included 6 items related to place, design, play ground, school classrooms, sewage and water and psychosocial climate, and health teaching program. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Chi- square test. Results documented that there was a statistical significant difference between pre- and post- health educational program for the reported problems affecting school age children

Conclusion: remarkable increase in the level of school children knowledge, as well as, noticeable improvement in the school children skills. Any Information however brief at their age will improve their lives and way of thinking and attitude towards a healthy and productive life

Nurse empowerment: relationship to organizational commitment and factors significant for its realization

The concept of empowerment has been widely adopted in nursing research and in development of nursing care, education and management. In the literature it has generally been considered in the context of organization's functioning and personnel management methods. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between nurse empowerment and organizational commitment in addition to exploring the factors that may be enhancing or impeding empowerment. The study was conducted at the intensive care, emergency and critical care units as well as outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital affiliated to Am Shams University. Subjects of this study were group of 79 staff nurses and 21 head nurses. The data collection tools consisted of an empowerment assessment questionnaire, an organizational descriptive opinionaire, organizational commitment assessment questionnaire, and empowerment enhancing or impeding factors assessment questionnaire. The researchers, pilot tested the tools after translating it into Arabic language. Approvals were obtained to conduct the study. Researchers approached subjects in groups and individually requesting their cooperation. Subjects were very cooperative, return rate reached to almost 95%. The study revealed statistically significant positive correlations between empowerment components and organizational commitment in different nursing categories. It was concluded that most of overall empowerment was accounted by formal power, which is enhanced by the promoting factors. The study recommended that nurse managers should assess the structure in their organization to identify the barriers to access to empowerment component and encourage pro- muting factors of empowerment. Further research is needed to elucidate the effect of empowerment in the organization

Sexuality during menstruation and puerperium

The study aimed at: 1. Identification of common patterns of sexual practice during menstruation and pureperium. 2. Finding out various couples responses in relation to the patterns of sexual practice. 3. Identification of family problems directly related to patterns of sexual practice. The study was conducted at Ain Shams Maternity hospital, in the out-patient clinic. Three hundred Moslem women were interviewed using a structured interviewing questionnaire. The study revealed that, the patterns of sexual relation during menstruation and pureperium were; 46.3 percent stopped practicing, 25 percent practiced externally, 28.7 percent practiced internally [vaginal and anal.]. Regarding the couples responses, it was found that all husbands practiced internally felt satisfied, while 25 percent of their wives were not accepting, feeling dirty and guilty. 5 percent of women left home, 5 percent asked for divorce. The study recommended that, religious instructions should be given in the mosques concerning forbidden sexual patterns as well as accepted one, and circumstances surrounding it. In addition to premarital and marriage counseling services to be provided for newly married couples