Cataract surgery in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

India is considered the diabetes capital of the world, and a significant proportion of patients undergoing cataract surgery are diabetic. Considering this, we reviewed the principles and guidelines of managing cataract in patients with diabetes. The preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors are of paramount importance in the management of diabetic cataract patients. Particularly, the early recognition and treatment of diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy before cataract surgery influence the final visual outcome and play a major role in perioperative decision-making. Better understanding of various factors responsible for favorable outcome of cataract surgery in diabetic patients may guide us in better overalll management of these patients and optimizing the results.

Barriers to Cataract Surgical Uptake in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Background: The Upper East Region has one of the highest cataract surgical rates in Ghana. Notwithstanding this; cataract blindness is still a major problem. Aim: To determine patient-related barriers to cataract services in the region and their resolution. Methods: Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Indepth interviews were used to explore the opinions of 66 cataract patients resident in the region between July and August 2003. Purposeful sampling was used in selecting 24 patients in the hospital while a Snowball sampling method was employed on 42 respondents resident in the village communities Results: Average age of the respondents was 67.6 years with equal proportions of males and females (0.9:1). Twelve and fifteen percent of respondents respectively cited fear and lack of escort as barriers to service up-take while 8and 9pointed to sociocultural beliefs and the fact that they were able to cope satisfactorily with their disability. Only 1.5of respondents gave lack of awareness as a barrier with none citing geographical barrier as a problem. Cost of surgery; however; stood out clearly as a very significant barrier with 91of respondents attesting to it. Conclusion: It is concluded that further expansion of outreach services; coupled with a more intensive health education is needed to overcome these barriers

Epidemiology of Hospitalized Ocular Injuries in the Upper East Region of Ghana

Aim of Study: The Upper East is the poorest and most rural region in Ghana and ocular injuries are a major public health problem. This study aims at providing epidemio- logic data on the burden of this problem in order to facilitate the provision of integrated eye care and safety strategies for the prevention of such injuries in the region. Design: A retrospective case series. Methods: Computerized records of all eye injuries admitted to the clinic between January and December 2004 were retrieved and analyzed using the Epi-Info software. Injuries were classified using the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology while Snellen visual acuities were classified/ banded using the WHO categories of visual impairments. Results: Ninety six eyes of 96 patients were admitted over the study period. Seventy five percent of the patients were males and 82.3 below the age of 30 years. Half of the patients had to travel beyond 100 km to get ophthalmic assistance. Only one third of the cases reported within 24 hours while 21 reported after one week of their injuries. These delayed periods of reporting showed no statistically significant relationship with the distances travelled to the hospital (p=0.76; chi2 test); nor the eventual visual outcome achieved following treatment. Open-globe injuries were by far the most common (60/96) and were 4.7 times more likely (Chi squared test) to produce poor visual outcome (p=0.02 CL 1.75-12.63). Conclusion: Current eye care strategies do not adequately address the issue of eye injuries in the region. There is the need to provide integrated approach by incorporating primary eye care strategies into the existing primary health care system