p16INK4a protein is a specific molecular biomarker of breast cancer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of p16INK4a protein in breast cancer and analyze its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 132 surgical specimens of primary breast cancer obtained between 2014 and 2015 were examined for expressions of ER, PR, CK5/6, Her-2 and p16INK4a proteins using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The breast cancer samples were classified into 5 molecular subtypes, namely Luminal A (58 cases), Luminal B (32 cases), Her-2-positive (21 cases), basal-like (12 cases) and normal-like (9 cases) types. p16INK4a expression was negative in 7/132 (5.30%) cases, weakly positive in 15/132 (11.36%) cases, positive in 40/132 (30.30%) cases, and strongly positive in 70/132 (53.03%) cases. When categorizing negative and weakly positive cases into negative group and the positive and strongly positive cases into positive group, the total negative and positive expression rates of p16INK4a were 16.67% (22/132) and 83.33% (110/132) in the carcinoma tissues. Statistical analysis showed the expression intensity of p16INK4a differed significantly between the age groups (P<0.05) but was not significantly correlated with ER, PR, Her-2, molecular subtypes or metastasis of the tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The compensatory high expression of p16INK4a is the main mechanism of cell cycle deregulation in invasive breast cancer and can be an important specific molecular marker for invasive breast cancer.</p>

Investigation of clinical pathology and treatments on the auricle pseudocyst / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical pathology and treatments on the pseudocyst of auricle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of auricular pseudocyst were treated by surgery from 1993 to 2008 in our hospital. Their operation effects and the clinic pathological features were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The clinic pathological data showed that the source of serous effusion of auricular pseudocyst origin from cartilage membrane in the top wall. In the early stage of the cyst, the top wall of auricular pseudocyst was the cartilage membrane. With the course progresses, the cartilage membrane in the top wall of auricular pseudocyst was proliferating, thickened and generated new cartilage. The new cartilage was formed from small piece to the big one, and eventually became an entire new cartilage on the top wall of auricular pseudocyst. Serous effusion at this time was terminated, and this cyst became intra-cartilaginous effusion of auricle. Finally the fluid between cartilages was absorbed and organized. In the cyst, the new cartilage and auricle cartilage were organized and adhered together each other. The auricle became thickened and deformed. The observation of capsule wall under light microscope showed that there were a few fibrous desmoplasia, anapetia and lymphocyte infiltrating in the fibrous tissue, as well as that there were cartilage cell layers from firmness to thicker. The cartilage cells and their lacunes were small, and the cartilage capsule and the basilaris substantia was showed as eosin. This data indicated that the cartilage was neogenesis but not degenerating. Sixty patients were followed up from 3 months to 1 year. The effect of surgical treatment for the auricular pseudocyst was satisfactory. There was no auricular deformation in these patients with the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Auricular pseudocyst can be divided into the early period (acute exudative period), the medium period (cartilage formation period) and the late period (proliferative and organized period). The treatment should be based on the pathological findings of auricular pseudocyst. The operation is easy, safe and reliable. The key of the operation is the complete removal of perichondrium and cartilage at the top of auricular pseudocyst.</p>