A hospital-based study on the use of paramedical personnel for clinical downstaging of cancer cervix.

Two auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) were recruited and trained to recognize normal and different types of abnormal cervices. A total of 2102 women were examined by a gynaecologist and ANM independently and their findings were noted. Comparison of their findings showed an overall agreement of 89.6 per cent (Kappa 0.84 with standard error of 0.015 and a significantly large Z value of 55.6). Gross examination of 4679 women attending the Gynaecology OPD revealed normal cervix in 49.6 per cent and suspected lesions or malignant cervix in 3.4 per cent of women. Cytology smears were taken in 3608 women. Adequacy of smears was 97 per cent. Comparing the group clinically diagnosed as highly suspected or malignant to the cytologically diagnosed suspected group (atypical and malignant), clinical examination had a sensitivity of 81.7 per cent and specificity of 97.3 per cent; while comparison of the group clinically diagnosed as abnormal cervix to abnormal cytology (all grades of dysplasia, atypical and malignant cells), the clinical examination had a sensitivity of 92.5 per cent and specificity of 37.4 per cent. It was concluded that paramedical staff (ANMs) can be relied upon to do speculum examination in women in the community and take cytology smears in selected cases.

Teenage pregnancy and its effect on maternal and child health--a hospital experience.

Sixteen mothers died out of 2279 teenage deliveries contributing a high maternal mortality rate of 7.02 per 1000 during the study period. 15 adolescent mothers who died had no access to prenatal care. An increased incidence of low birth weight (less than 2.5 kg) babies was observed among teenage deliveries. Incidence of premature deliveries were more among teenage mothers. Severe anemia, puerperal sepsis and hypertension were the dominant complications experienced among adolescent mothers.