Descripción del estado de salud y la capacidad funcional de la población de 65 años o más residente en la Región Universitaria de Salud de Puerto Rico / Description of health status and functional capacity of the 65-years-old and older population residing in the University Region of Health of Puerto Rico

This study intended to describe the health and functional status of the population 65 years and over resident in the Puerto Rico University Health Region (municipalities of Canóvanas, Loiza, Carolina and Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico). Four ninety one hundred elderly subjects selected from a random sample of households, were interviewed. A questionnaire was designed to gather data of the following variables: health conditions, functional capacity, health services utilization, social support and preventive measures. Descriptive measures and chi-square were utilized for the statistical analysis. Findings revealed a population composed mostly of women with a higher prevalence of health conditions than their male counterparts. More than half of the sample report visual problems, arthritis or hypertension. Almost a quarter had diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of these conditions was higher in the age group over 75, with the exception of diabetes. Thirty percent of the sample was classified as functionally dependent, condition that increased with the subject's age. Findings evidence the need of an early assessment in this population in order to intervene with potentially modifiable factors to prevent future disability and improve quality of life of the aged.

Prevalence of cognitive and functional impairment in an elderly Puerto Rican population

Data from the Gurabo census of the elderly, 1987-1988 (n = 1890)were analyzed to determine the prevalence rates for cognitive and functional impairment in that population. Besides socio-demographic questions, the census questionnaire included the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire to determine cognitive dysfunction, and the modified Katz Scale to detect functional impairment. The overall prevalence rates were 18.5 percent and 18.4 percent for cognitive and functional dysfunction respectively. After multiple logistic regression analysis, cognitive impairment was found to be associated with poor education (OR = 4.0, CI = 2.31-6.93), older age (OR = 2.67, C.I. = 2.00-3.58), functional decline (OR = 2.44, C.I. = 1.83-3.25), female sex (OR = 1.82, C.I. = 1.39-2.40) and low income (OR = 1.49, C.I. = 113-1.98). Functional impairment was found to be associated with cognitive dysfunction (OR = 2.45, C.I. = 1.84-3.27) and older age (OR = 2.08, C.I.-1.59 = 2,72). These findings suggest that a substantial proportion of the elderly in Puerto Rico may require assistance to deal with the consequences of these impairments

Functional disability and mental impairment as predictors of mortality in community-dwellin elderly Puerto Ricans

This is a prospective study that explores the role of functional impairment as predictor of one-year mortality in the elderly of rural Puerto Rico. Between September, 1987 and June 1988, 1901 elderly were interviewed at their place of residence. Besides obtaining social and demographic information, assessment of functional status using a modified Katz scale and determination of mental status using the Short Portable Mental Status questionnaire were performed. During the one-year follow-up period 43 participants died. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of functional (OR = 5.31) and mental impairment (OR = 2.22) were independent predictors of mortality when adjusted for age, education, gender and income. These findings are consistent with those of other studies, where the presence of functional and mental impairment, detected on admission to a hospital or while living in the community, were associated to a higher mortality

Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT-SGPT) activity in Puerto Rican blood donors

Se obtuvieron datos de 4,189 expedientes de donaciones de sangre procedentes de dos bancos de sangre en Puerto Rico para determinar si los puertorriqueños tienden a tener niveles en sangre de ALT-SGPT más altos en comparación con donantes de sangre de otros grupos étnicos. El promedio general de ALT-SGPT fue de 36.84 u/l (alcance 1-910, desviación estandard 37.8). El logarítmo de ALT FUE DE 1.47 (alcance 1-2.96, desviación estandard). Analisis de cada banco de sangre en dos períodos de tiempo demostraba promedios de ALT-SGPT consistentemente altos aún cuando excluían donaciones positivas para hepatitis B, H. I. V. y sífilis. Aunque las causas de estos hallazgos no estan claras, factores ambientales como el consumo de alcohol deben considerar-se como posibles explicaciones

Factores asociados a la admisión hospitalaria en una población geriátrica / Factors associated with the hospitalary admission of a geriatric population

El estudio investiga los patrones de utilización hospitalaria en personas mayores de 64 años. La determinación de deficiencia intelectual y discapacidad de 1,353 personas mayores de 64 años y acogidos a Medicare fue obtenida de un censo de la población mayor de 59 año realizado en el municipio de Gurabo, Puerto Rico, entre 1987 y 1988. Examinando los datos de hospitalización del programa Medicare en Puerto Rico se encontró que un total de 105 de estas personas fueron hospitalizadas por lo menos una vez durante ese período de tiempo. Para el grupo con deficiencia intelectual y discapacidad la tasa de hospitalización fue de 13.5%. Los que presentan solamente discapacidad tuvieron una tasa de 9.4%. El grupo con deficiencia intelectual solamente tuvo una tasa de 8.8%. La menor tasa de 6,8%, correspondió a los sujetos sin deficiencia intelectual ni discapacidad. Estos datos sugieren una relación entre la presencia de dichas disfunciones y la probabilidad de ser hospitalizado. No obstante, es necesaria más investigación para dilucidar si dicho efecto es independiente de la edad

El envejeciente de Guarabo: un perfil biosicosocial del envejeciente en una comunidad de Puerto Rico / The aging person in Gurabo: a bio-psychosocial profile of the aging person in a community in Puerto Rico

The Department of Family Medicine of the University of Puerto Rico Medicine School performed a census of the inhabitants 60 years and older in the community of Gurabo. A total of 1,890 elderly were interviewed 51% were female and 49% male. Sixty percent were married and twenty-five percent were widowed. Eighty two percent still lived within a family setting and only seventeen percent lived alone 86% owned their own home despite ninety percent reporting incomes below $400.00 per month. Ninety five percent have access to medical services but 63% receive services in multiples sites. Eighteen percent were functionally impaired, fourteen percent intelectually impaired and five percent had impairment in both areas. Preliminary data show that the latter group had an annual mortality rate of 15% compared to only 3.6% and 1.3% respectively in the other two group. We concluded that: 1) functional and mental impairment are indicators of increased mortality. 2) although access to health care is not a problem this health care is episodic and interrupted being provided in multiple different sites

Diabetes mellitus: a study utilizing the revised diagnostic criteria

A group of 167 patients with various degree of glucose inlerance or at high risk of developing glucose intolerance were followed for five years at the Caguas Family Practice Center. Patients were classified using the criteria proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group and were monitored for the development of: a) diabetic complications, b) fasting glycemic control, c) changes in classification. There were 8 patients with IDDM, 55 patients with NIDDM and 104 patients in the high risk group. Only 6.2% of the high risk group developed complications while 87.5% of the IDDM and 67% of the NIDDM groups developed complications The most common overall complication was coronary artery disease. Three patients died of myocardial infarction during the study and nine patients changed classification. Two high risk patients developed overt diabetes, four shifted within the diabetic group, two within the high risk group and one diabetic regained a normal glucose tolerance