From Medicinal Chemistry to Human Health: Current Approaches to Drug Discovery for Cancer and Neglected Tropical Diseases

ABSTRACT Scientific and technological breakthroughs have compelled the current players in drug discovery to increasingly incorporate knowledge-based approaches. This evolving paradigm, which has its roots attached to the recent advances in medicinal chemistry, molecular and structural biology, has unprecedentedly demanded the development of up-to-date computational approaches, such as bio- and chemo-informatics. These tools have been pivotal to catalyzing the ever-increasing amount of data generated by the molecular sciences, and to converting the data into insightful guidelines for use in the research pipeline. As a result, ligand- and structure-based drug design have emerged as key pathways to address the pharmaceutical industry's striking demands for innovation. These approaches depend on a keen integration of experimental and molecular modeling methods to surmount the main challenges faced by drug candidates - in vivo efficacy, pharmacodynamics, metabolism, pharmacokinetics and safety. To that end, the Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional (LQMC) of the Universidade de São Paulo has developed forefront research on highly prevalent and life-threatening neglected tropical diseases and cancer. By taking part in global initiatives for pharmaceutical innovation, the laboratory has contributed to the advance of these critical therapeutic areas through the use of cutting-edge strategies in medicinal chemistry.

Planejamento de fármacos, biotecnologia e química medicinal: aplicações em doenças infecciosas / Planning pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and medicinal chemistry: applications in infectious diseases

Estratégias modernas de planejamento de fármacos se fundamentam no conhecimento da fisiopatologia das doenças, no estudo de vias bioquímicas e na seleção de alvos moleculares. As ferramentas biotecnológicas modernas têm fornecido informações valiosas para a descoberta e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. A química medicinal possui papel central em vários processos que visam à identificação de substâncias bioativas e ao desenvolvimento de compostos-líderes com propriedades farmacodinâmicas e farmacocinéticas otimizadas. O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem de alguns aspectos fundamentais da biotecnologia e da química medicinal como ferramentas úteis para o planejamento de candidatos a novos fármacos para a terapia de doenças infecciosas.

Current drug design strategies are based on the understanding of the physiopathology of diseases, biochemical pathways and selection of molecular targets. Modern biotechnological tools have provided valuable information to facilitate the discovery of new drug candidates. Medicinal chemistry has a vital role in a variety of processes aimed at the identification of bioactive substances and the development of lead-compounds with optimized pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. The present paper presents some fundamental aspects of biotechnology and medicinal chemistry as useful tools in the design of new chemical entities for the therapy of infectious diseases.

Avaliação da sensibilidade de cepas de Malassezia furfur a imidas cíclicas / Sensibility of evaluation of Malassezia furfur strains at cyclic imides

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) é um fungo lipofílico, que está associado a pitiríase versicolor, foliculite, dermatite seborréica e atópica, fungemia e infecções sistêmicas. O tratamento é feito com soluções antimicóticas ou derivados imidazólicos, particularmente, o cetoconazol. Dentro das perspectivas de avaliação de novas alternativas para a terapêutica das infecções micóticas, determinou-se, nesse estudo, a atividade antifúngica de compostos imídicos. As imidas 3,4-dicloro-N-fenil-maleimida (6,3 µg/ml), 3,4-dicloro-N-benzil-maleimida (25 µg/ml) e 3,4-dicloro-N-fenil-propil-maleimida (20 µg/ml) foram os compostos que apresentaram melhor atividade inibitória contra as cepas de M. furfur...