RESUMEN
Cassia oleoresin is an extract isolated from dried barks of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (family Lauracea). The plant has been reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertriglyceridemic effect, mainly due to its phytochemical constituents such as phenolic and volatile compounds. Cinnamon also helps in arthritis, fibromyalgia and psoriasis. The aim of this study was to prepare magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Cassia oleoresin and to evaluate the cytotoxic effect on Brine shrimp. The magnesium oxide nanoparticle was prepared from magnesium chloride and Cassia oleoresin and was confirmed by UV- Visible Spectroscopy and morphology was confirmed by TEM. Brine shrimps lethality bioassay was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of Cassia oleoresin mediated magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Ten brine shrimp nauplii were placed in each well of the Eliza plate and filled with 5 μL ,10 μL ,15 μL ,20 μL ,25 μL of Cassia oleoresin mediated magnesium oxide nanoparticles After 24 hours of incubation, the wells were observed and the number of surviving brine shrimp nauplii were counted to assess the cytotoxicity. The UV -Visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 400 peak and TEM analysis showed a particle size of 70 nm. After 24 hours incubation of the brine shrimps in the nanoparticle solution, all 10 brine shrimps survived in 5μL and 10 μL concentrations. 3 brine shrimps nauplii survived in 15μL conc. 1 brine shrimp nauplii survived in 20μL and 25μL concentrations each. Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that at low concentrations the prepared nanoparticle was safe and may be used for biomedical application.
RESUMEN
Background & objectives: People travelling to high altitude for occupational, recreational or religious purposes are mostly healthy and fit but sometimes they use drugs for common ailments like influenza, acute mountain sickness or chronic disease like diabetes. Limitation of oxygen at high altitude may compromise metabolism of drugs. Hence, we undertook this study to assess the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on some commonly used drugs in rats and rabbits. Methods: Effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on phenotypic expression of anesthetic drugs pentabarbitone, thiopentone and zoxazolamine (sleeping time) was assessed in rats exposed to 282.4 mm Hg equivalent to 25000 feet in a decompression chamber. Plasma clearance of some commonly used drugs was investigated in rabbits exposed to 429 mm Hg equivalent to 15000 feet. Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by plotting drug concentration versus time curve on semi log scale. Results: A significant delay in regaining rightening reflex was observed in rats exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia in response to zoxazolamine, pentobarbitone and thiopentone sodium. Pharmacokinetics of acetyl salicylic acid, gentamicin, phenobarbitone and acetazolamide showed increase in plasma half life (t1/2), decrease in elimination rate constant (kel) and hence prolonged residence of these drugs in hypoxic animals. Interpretation & conclusions: This experimental study showed that hypoxia altered therapeutic effectiveness and clearance of several drugs, in rats and rabbits exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. s0 uch studies need to be done in human volunteers to see the effect of hypoxia on pharmacokinetics of some common drugs.