RESUMEN
Background: The placenta is a dynamic organ to maintain the fetal homeostasis by performing a wide range ofphysiological functions. It undergoes various changes in terms of shape, size, surface area and structure duringpregnancy to support growth of the fetus. The efficiency in transfer of nutrients and oxygen through the placentais the primary determinant of birth weight.Detailed study of placenta gives a wide scope of knowledge on fetalgrowth. This study has attempted to find the correlation between umbilical cord length with birthweight and fetallength along with the correlation between other placental parameters and fetal parameters.Materials and methods: The placentas required for this study were collected from the labor room. After thoroughinspection of the placenta, shape and presence of any anomalies were noted and then the size of the placenta,which includes weight, thickness and diameter were measured. The length of the umbilical cord was measuredwith a tape calibrated in centimeters from cut end to placental end and also from cut end to fetal end. Summationof these two values gave the total length of the umbilical cord. The fetal parameters like birth weight wasmeasured by using a digital weighing machine, while the crown-heel length was measured with the help of aninfantometer.Results: 35% of placentas are round shape and 65% are of oval shape. Mean ± SD of placenta weight is 458±49.5gm,umbilical cord length is 56.2 ± 3.2cm, birth weight is 2.4 ± 0.4kg and crown-heel length is 45.8 ± 4.2cm.Conclusion: A significant relation was found between placenta size and birth weight. A non-significant relationwas found between umbilical cord length and birth weight along with umbilical cord length and crown heellength.
RESUMEN
Background: The hard palate is important for feeding, mastication and speech. Mammals with a defective hardpalate may die shortly after birth due to the inability to suckle. The interaction between tongue and hard palateis essential in the formation of certain speech sounds. In high arched palate, a proper palate-lingual contact isnot achieved, resulting in defective articulation. Surgically, the anatomy of hard palate can be modified by usingPalatal Height Index measurement, which could lead to the improvisation of palato-lingual contact andarticulation. This study aims to determine the Palatal height index.Results: After taking detail history of the subjects, the qualitative and quantitative parameters were measuredand then compared between the normal group (n=60) and high arched palate group (n=60) to know the statisticalsignificance between the two groups. The qualitative parameters measured in this study were shape of hardpalate, permanent dentition, microdontia, spacing of teeth, missing of teeth, eruption time of teeth, crowding ofteeth, malalignment, and malocclusion. The quantitative parameters measured in this study were average linearwidth, average height and palatal height index. Impressions of hard palate were taken through the prepared cast.From the prepared cast average linear width, average height and palatine height index were measured. The mean± SD value of average linear width measured between two molars was found to be 3.82 ± 0.32 in normal and 3.46± 0.17 in high arched palate subjects. The mean ± SD value of average height measured between two molars was1.58 ± 0.26 in normal and 2.06 ± 0.2 in high arched palate subjects. The mean ± SD value of palatine height indexmeasured between two molars was 41.98 ± 9.82 in normal and 59.69 ± 5.81 in high arched palate subjects.Conclusion: Palatal height index was high in the study group when compared to the normal group of similar agedcandidates and the results were found to be statistically significant. Crowding of incisors and canines,malocclusion, malalignment, absence of 2nd premolar, spacing of teeth were observed in high arched palategroup