Predictors of early catheter replacement after HoLEP. Results from a high-volume laser center

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and surgical factors associated with early catheter replacement in patients treated with Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). Materials and Methods: Data of patients treated with HoLEP at our Institution by a single surgeon from March 2017 to January 2021 were collected. Preoperative variables, including non-invasive uroflowmetry and abdominal ultrasonography (US), were recorded. Bladder wall modifications (BWM) at preoperative US were defined as the presence of single or multiple bladder diverticula or bladder wall thickening ≥5 mm. Clinical symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Only events occurred within the first week after catheter removal were considered. Results: Overall, 305 patients were included, of which 46 (15.1%) experienced early catheter replacement. Maintenance of anticoagulants/antiplatelets (AC/AP) therapy at surgery (p=0.001), indwelling urinary catheter (p=0.02) and the presence of BWM (p=0.001) were more frequently reported in patients needing postoperative re-catheterization. Intraoperative complications (p=0.02) and median lasing time (p=0.02) were significantly higher in this group. At univariate analysis, indwelling urinary catheter (p=0.02), BWM (p=0.01), ongoing AC/AP therapy (p=0.01) and intraoperative complications (p=0.01) were significantly associated with early catheter replacement. At multivariate analysis, indwelling urinary catheter (OR: 1.28; p=0.02), BWM (OR: 2.87; p=0.001), and AC/AP therapy (OR: 2.21; p=0.01) were confirmed as independent predictors of catheter replacement. Conclusions: In our experience the presence of indwelling urinary catheter before surgery, BWM and the maintenance of AC/AP therapy were shown to be independent predictors of early catheter replacement after HoLEP.

Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is safe and effective in patients with high comorbidity burden

ABSTRACT Introduction We assessed the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with high comorbidity burden. Materials and methods Data from patients treated with HoLEP at our academic referral center from March 2017 to January 2021 were prospectively collected. Patients were divided according to their CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index). Perioperative surgical data and 3-month functional outcomes were collected. Results Out of 305 patients included, 107 (35.1%) and 198 (64.9%) were classified as CCI ≥ 3 and < 3, respectively. The groups were comparable in terms of baseline prostate size, symptoms severity, post-void residue and Qmax. The amount of energy delivered during HoLEP (141.3 vs. 118.0 KJ, p=0.01) and lasing time (38 vs 31 minutes, p=0.01) were significantly higher in patients with CCI ≥ 3. However, median enucleation, morcellation and overall surgical time were comparable between the two groups (all p>0.05). Intraoperative complications rate (9.3% vs. 9.5%, p=0.77), median time to catheter removal and hospital stay were comparable between the two cohorts. Similarly, early (30 days) and delayed (>30 days) surgical complications rates were not significantly different between the two groups. At 3-month follow up, functional outcomes using validated questionnaires did not differ between the two groups (all p>0.05). Conclusions HoLEP represents a safe and effective treatment option for BPH also in patients with high comorbidity burden.

Three-dimensional reconstruction and intraoperative ultrasonography: Crucial tools to safely approach highly complex renal masses

ABSTRACT Purpose: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is rapidly increasing its role in the nephron-sparing surgery setting (1). The recent introduction of technological advancements is leading more experienced surgeons to approach complex renal mass with a conservative intent (2, 3). In particular, three-dimensional reconstruction and the use of intraoperative ultrasonography are gaining attention as crucial tools to safely and effectively approach complex cases (4, 5). We aimed to video-report the management of highly complex renal mass treated with RAPN, focusing on preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative technical nuances. Materials and methods: A 73-year-old male patient was referred to our institution for an incidental detection of a 70 mm diameter, completely endophytic, hilar renal mass (PADUA score 13, RENAL score 11a). Contrast-enhanced CT scan images were processed by M3DICS (Turin, Italy) and used to obtain a 3D virtual model. RAPN was performed by a highly experienced surgeon using Da Vinci Si robotic platform with a three-arm configuration. Results: The overall operative time was 114 min, with a warm ischemia time of 16 min. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. According to the SIB score, the pure enucleation excision strategy was performed. Histopathological analysis revealed a pT3a low-grade oncocytic kidney tumor with negative surgical margins. with negative surgical margins. At 24-months follow up, no local or systemic recurrence was detected. Conclusions: Conservative management of complex renal masses is challenging with a highly nuanced decision-making process. In this regard, preoperative 3D models and intraoperative ultrasound (US) guidance play a pivotal role to develop a tailored surgical strategy according to patient' and tumor's characteristics.

Holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) with moses technology for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

ABSTRACT Purpose: The expansion of technology is leading to a paradigm shift in several urological fields (1, 2). In particular, the adoption of lasers within the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered one of the most relevant innovations (3-5). In this video, we aimed to report our experience with holmium laser for the ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) in patients with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to BPH. Materials and Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 10 patients with obstructive LUTS secondary to BPH were treated at our Institution with HoLAP (120W Holmium laser Lumenis® with Moses® technology). Main inclusion criteria were: 1) International Prostate Symptom Score ≥12; 2) prostate volume ≤65mL, 3) maximal flow rate (Qmax) ≤15ml/s at preoperative non-invasive uroflowmetry. Results: Mean patient age was 65 (range: 59-72) years. Preoperative mean prostate volume was 50 (range: 35-65) mL. Mean operative time was 66 (range: 45-85) minutes with a mean laser time/operative time ratio of 0.51 (range: 0.44-0.60). Voiding symptoms, Qmax and post voiding residual were significantly improved after 3 and 12 months (all p <0.05). No postoperative urinary incontinence was detected. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that HoLAP is a slightly time-spending procedure, thus its use should be limited to prostate volume <70-80mL. However, no postoperative complications were recorded at all. This technique showed to be a safe option in patients with low-intermediate prostate volume, also in patients whose antiaggregant/anticoagulant therapy is maintained.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with 3D preoperative surgical planning: video presentation of the florentine experience

ABSTRACT Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) virtual models have recently gained consideration in the partial nephrectomy (PN) field as useful tools since they may potentially improve preoperative surgical planning and thus contributing to maximizing postoperative outcomes (1-5). The aim of the present study was to describe our first experience with 3D virtual models as preoperative guidance for robot-assisted PN. Materials and methods: Data of patients with renal mass amenable to robotic PN were prospectively collected at our Institution from January to April 2020. Using a dedicated web-based platform, abdominal CT-scan images were processed by M3DICS (Turin, Italy) and used to obtain 3D virtual models. 2D CT images and 3D models were separately assessed by two different highly experienced urologists to assess the PADUA score and risk category and to forecast the surgical strategy of the single cases, accordingly. Results: Overall, 30 patients were included in the study. Median tumor size was 4.3cm (range 1.3-11). Interestingly, 8 (26.4%) cases had their PADUA score downgraded when switching from 2D CT-scan to 3D virtual model assessment and 4 (13.4%) cases had also lowered their PADUA risk category. Moreover, preoperative off-clamp, selective clamping strategy and enucleation resection strategy increased from CT-scan to 3D evaluation. Conclusion: 3D virtual models are promising tools as they showed to offer a reliable assessment of surgical planning. However, the advantages offered by the 3D reconstruction appeared to be more evident as the complexity of the mass raises. These tools may ultimately increase tumor's selection for PN, particularly in highly complex renal masses. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: The authors declare they do not have conflict of interests. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All the procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research Committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

How far is too far? Exploring the indications for robotic partial nephrectomy in a highly complex kidney tumor

ABSTRACT Purpose: The conservative management of localized renal masses has been recently widened to cT2 tumors showing encouraging functional and oncological outcomes (1). This video aims to report the conservative management of a highly complex renal tumor treated with robotic pure enucleation in our center, specifically focusing on preoperative work-up, video-reported surgical steps and perioperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: A 63 year-old lady underwent CT scan revealing a single 75 x 68mm, mainly endophytic, right renal mass dislocating the vascular pedicle (cT3a). Two renal arteries and two veins were identified. PADUA, RENAL and simplified SPARE scores were 14a, 12a and 12 respectively. Since the contralateral kidney was hypotrophic, the indication for nephron-sparing approach was considered absolute. Preoperative surgical planning included the employment of 3D-virtual models (2). Results: Operative time was 150 minutes and warm ischemia time was 25 minutes. No major complication occurred. Histopathological analysis revealed a cromophobe renal cell carcinoma with extension to perirenal fat tissue (pT3a). Resection technique was classified as pure enucleation since Surface-Intermediate-Base (SIB) score was 0-0-0 (3, 4). At seven-months follow-up no signs of local or systemic recurrence were recorded. Postoperative CT-scan revealed optimal parenchymal volume preservation with last creatinine blood level of 1.16mg/dL. Conclusion: This video highlights how, in experienced hands, robotic partial nephrectomy represents a feasible, effective treatment option for surgical management of highly complex renal tumors. The employment of intraoperative ultrasonography and 3D-virtual models allowed to accurately tailor surgical approach, improving the perception of tumor anatomy and its vascularization and maximizing perioperative outcomes.

Model resin composites incorporating ZnO-NP: activity against S. mutans and physicochemical properties characterization

Abstract Although resin composites are widely used in the clinical practice, the development of recurrent caries at composite-tooth interface still remains as one of the principal shortcomings to be overcome in this field. Objectives To evaluate the activity against S. mutans biofilm of model resin composites incorporating different concentrations of ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and characterize their physicochemical properties. Materials and Methods Different concentrations of ZnO-NP (wt.%): E1=0, E2=0.5, E3=1, E4=2, E5=5 and E6=10 were incorporated into a model resin composite consisting of Bis-GMA-TEGDMA and barium borosilicate particles. The activity against S. mutans biofilm was evaluated by metabolic activity and lactic acid production. The following physicochemical properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), hardness (KHN), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl) and translucency (TP). Results E3, E4, E5 and E6 decreased the biofilm metabolic activity and E5 and E6 decreased the lactic acid production (p<0.05). E6 presented the lowest DC% (p<0.05). No significant difference in FS and EM was found for all resin composites (p>0.05). E5 and E6 presented the lowest values of KHN (p<0.05). E6 presented a higher Wsp than E1 (p<0.05) and the highest Wsl (p<0.05). The translucency significantly decreased as the ZnO- NP concentration increased (p<0.05). Conclusions The incorporation of 2 - 5 wt.% of ZnO-NP could endow antibacterial activity to resin composites, without jeopardizing their physicochemical properties.

Does the Presence of Sucrose in Pediatric Antibiotics Influence the Enamel Mineral Loss and the Streptococcus mutans Counts in Dental Biofilm?

The role of antibiotics containing sucrose on the formation of dental caries is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two antibiotics (amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate suspension), with and without sucrose, on human dental hardness and Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm. Primary tooth fragments (n=72) were coated with nail varnish leaving a window of 2.25 mm diameter. Specimens were fixed in 24-well polystyrene plates, containing BHI medium. S. mutans (clinical strains) represented the inoculum to form biofilm on the fragments for 24 h. Twelve fragments were separated for the initial count of microorganisms (baseline). The other fragments were divided into 4 groups (n=12) of treatment: G1 (Clavulin(r)), G2 (Betamox(r)), G3 (chlorhexidine 0.12%), G4 (sucrose 10%). All specimens had their self-control area (covered area). The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was evaluated for each specimen. All the treated groups had a loss of hardness compared to their self-controls (p<0.05). Both drugs inhibited the S. mutans growth and promoted no CSMH difference among them. Both antibiotics eliminated all formed biofilm and did not cause mineral loss from the enamel, regardless the presence of sucrose in its formulation.

O papel dos antibióticos contendo sacarose na formação de cárie dentária é ainda controverso. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de dois antibióticos (amoxicilina / clavulanato de potássio suspensão oral), com e sem sacarose, na dureza do esmalte dental humano e na contagem de Streptococcus mutans no biofilme dental. Fragmentos de dentes decíduos (n = 72) foram revestidos com verniz deixando uma janela de exposição de 2,25mm de diâmetro. Os espécimes foram fixados em placas de poliestireno de 24 poços, contendo meio de cultura BHI. S. mutans (estirpes clínicas) representaram o inoculo para formar biofilmes sobre os fragmentos por 24 h. Doze fragmentos foram separados para a contagem inicial de microrganismos (baseline). Os restantes dos fragmentos foram divididos em 4 grupos (n = 12) de tratamento: G1 (Clavulin(r)), G2 (Betamox(r)), G3 (clorexidina 0,12%), G4 (sacarose a 10%). Todas as amostras tiveram sua área de controle (área coberta). A microdureza transversal (CSMH) foi avaliada para cada espécime. Todos os grupos tratados tiveram uma perda de dureza quando comparados com os seus respectivos controles (p <0,05). Ambos os fármacos inibiram o crescimento de S. mutans e não promoveram diferença da CSMH entre eles. Ambos os antibióticos eliminaram todo o biofilme formado, não promovendo assim, perda mineral do esmalte, independente da presença de sacarose na sua formulação.

Knowledge and practices of parents and guardians regarding the oral health of children from a shelter and a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of parents and guardians of school-age children about oral hygiene and diet in a shelter and in a higher education institution. Material and Methods: a study with 82 parents and guardians of school-age children in the Teresa de Jesus Shelter (ATJ; n = 47) and the Veiga de Almeida University (UVA; n = 35) was conducted. A questionnaire with objective questions about hygiene and diet was used. The data were compiled in a database and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software (SPSS Inc, Il, USA). Descriptive analysis of data was conducted and normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test (p <0.05). Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test (p <0.05). Results: the mean age of children at ATJ was 4.9 (ñ 2.5) and those at UVA was 7.1 (ñ 2.7) (p <0.01). There was no difference between groups in relation to age (p = 0.71) and educational level of parents and/or guardians (p = 0.93); however, parents of children at UVA showed higher income (p = 0.02). Parents of children at ATJ had more information on oral health care (p <0.01). Most of the ATJ group (98.7%) claimed that visiting the dentist is also an important factor for the prevention of oral diseases compared to the UVA group (25.7) (p <0.01) and showed higher number of visits to the dentist (p = 0.03). ATJ parents associate more bacteria (p <0.01) and not going to the dentist as causal factors for dental caries (p = 0.03). Conclusion: despite the worse socio-economic conditions, parents and guardians of children at ATJ had more knowledge about oral hygiene and diet than respondents of UVA. It is likely that the educational activities held at ATJ have influenced this result.

Cárie oculta: diagnóstico e alternativa para tratamento - relato de casos clínicos / Hidden caries: diagnosis and an alternative for treatment – case report

O termo cárie oculta vem sendo utilizado para descrever lesões de cárie em dentina sob superfícies de esmalte aparentemente hígidas ou minimamente desmineralizadas. Considerando a dificuldade de diagnóstico e como essas lesões possuem progressão silenciosa, muitas vezes não são detectadas no exame clínico de rotina. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar, baseado na literatura, dois casos clínicos de cárie oculta, ressaltando a importância da radiografia interproximal para o seu diagnóstico, bem como descrever o tratamento restaurador através da técnica da matriz oclusal individual de acrílico...

The term hidden caries is used to describe carious lesions in dentine under apparently sound enamel surface or minimum desmineralized one. Considering the difficult in its diagnosis and as these injuries have slow progression, many times they are not detected in the clinical examination of routine. The objective of this work is to discuss two clinical cases of hidden caries, standing out the importance of the interproximal radiography for the diagnosis, as well as to describe the restoring treatment carried through the use of individual occlusal acrylic matrix technique...

Atividade anticariogênica de extratos e compostos químicos do café / Anticariogenic activity of coffee extracts and coffee chemical compounds

Avaliou-se a atividade anticariogênica de extratos e compostos químicos docafé, através de dois estudos laboratoriais. No primeiro, foram testados grãos integrais e descafeinados das espécies Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora, emdiferentes graus de torrefação (6, 7, 8, 13 e 15 minutos), totalizando 36extratos. Os extratos e 6 constituintes químicos presentes em ambas asespécies (ácido clorogênico – 5-CQA; ácido caféico, trigonelina, cafeína, ácidonicotínico e ácido ferúlico) foram submetidos a ensaios de susceptibilidade microbiológica. Assim, pode-se identificar a concentração mínima destas substâncias necessária para inibição do crescimento (CMI) de Streptococcus mutans (SM). Em acréscimo, avaliou-se a capacidade dos extratos e compostos de inibir a formação do biofilme de cepas de SM e/ou reduzí-lo. Todos os extratos de café foram caracterizados quimicamente através de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e medições do pH. Os extratos integrais com tempo de torrefação entre 6 e 8 minutos (torra clara à média clara), assim como os descafeinados com tempo de torra de 6 e 7 minutos, apresentaram o mesmo valor de CMI (5 mg/mL). Trigonelina, 5-CQA e ácido caféico demonstraram uma CMI de 0,8 mg/mL. O extrato de C. canephora com 6 minutos de torra e de qualidade superior dos grãos obteve os melhores resultados na inibição da formação do biofilme de SM (39,6%) e reduziu em 6,6% o biofilme já formado, sendo, por isso, selecionado para o segundo estudo. Experimentos foram realizados a fim de identificar a atividade antibacteriana do extrato selecionado diante do SM e do Streptococcus sobrinus (SS). A viabilidade das células planctônicas de SM e SS frente a diferentes concentrações do extrato foi analisada através de testes de suscetibilidade para verificar: a CMI, a concentração mínima bactericida (CBM) e a curva de morte das bactérias. O efeito do extrato sobre a desmineralização dentária foi investigado após a sua aplicação sobre o biofilme misto...

Dentinogênese Imperfeita tipo III e tipo II em crianças: relato de casos / Dentinogenesis Imperfecta type III and type II in children: cases report

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar dois casos de dentinogênese imperfeita, tipo III e tipo II, respectivamente, em crianças, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico e do tratamento reabilitador. Clinicamente, em ambos os casos, constataram-se destruição dos molares decíduos, perda de dimensão vertical e coloração cinza-acastanhada dos elementos dentários. Vale ressaltar que em relação à criança com dentinogênese imperfeita tipo III, o diagnóstico foi fechado após exame histopatológico. No entanto, devido as constantes faltas às consultas para realização do tratamento, o mesmo encontra-se em andamento. Já, quanto ao caso da dentinogênese imperfeita tipo II, o tratamento reabilitador baseou-se na reconstrução dos molares decíduos com coroas de aço pré-fabricadas e restaurações estéticas nos caninos decíduos e incisivos inferiores permanentes, restabelecendo a estética e função.

This paper aimed to report two cases of type III and type II dentinogenesis imperfecta, in children, emphasizing the diagnosis and the rehabilitation treatment importance. Intraoral examination, in both cases, revealed destruction of the deciduous molars, dimension vertical loss and gray coloring of the teeth. Besides, in relation to the child with type III dentinogenesis imperfecta, a histopathologic exam was done to conclude the diagnosis. On the other hand, the all treatment of this child cannot be realized, because his constant faults. In relation to the other case, the rehabilitation treatment aimed to reconstruct the deciduous molars with steel crowns and aesthetic restorations on the deciduous canines and permanent lower incisives, reestablishing the aesthetic and function.

Reabilitação de dentes decíduos com pinos pré-fabricados e coroas de celulóide: relato de caso / Rehabilitation of deciduos teeth with prefabricated posts and celluloid crows: case report

O presente estudo aborda técnicas operatórias para reconstrução de dentes decíduos anteriores com grande destruição coronária. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico realizado na Clínica de Odontologia da Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA), no qual pinos pré-fabricados foram utilizados juntamente com coroas de celulóide na reabilitação estética e funcional de um paciente infantil.

Preventive strategies in oral health promotion

The biofilm control is a considerable factor in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases as caries and periodontal disease. However, according to the literature, the collective programs show frustrating results at long-term due to difficulty to change the behavior of the participant individuals. Therefore, taking into consideration the model of the dental practice in Brazil, where the population has an oral health needfulness, the purpose of this study is to introduce different strategies that allow the accomplishment of collective programs, so that they succeed in the promotion of the oral health either in individual or collective level.

O controle do biofilme dental constitui um importante fator na prevenção e tratamento de doenças bucais como a cárie e a doença periodontal. No entanto, a literatura nos revela que os programas coletivos apresentam resultados frustrantes a longo prazo devido à dificuldade em se mudar definitivamente o comportamento dos indivíduos participantes. Assim, levando-se em consideração o modelo da prática odontológica encontrada no Brasil, onde a população tem carência de saúde bucal, o propósito deste trabalho é apresentar, sob uma perspectiva preventiva, diferentes estratégias, que viabilizem a realização de programas, a fim de que os mesmos possam ter êxito na promoção da saúde bucal tanto em nível individual como coletivo.

Resistência ao cisalhamento e remanescente adesivo de diferentes sistemas ortodônticos / Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of different orthodontic systems

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento (RC) e o índice de remanescente adesivo (ARI) de diferentes sistemas de colagem ortodôntica. Um total de 60 corpos-de-provas foram distribuídos (n=15) nos grupos: GI (Concise Ortodôntico), GII (Concise Ortodôntico diluído), GIII (Alpha Plast Ortodôntico) e GIV (Concise Restaurador). Verificou-se, através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quanto à RC de GI, GII e GII (p>0,05), sendo todos eles superiores ao GIV (p<0,05). Quanto ao ARI, o comportamento do GIV foi semelhante aos demais grupos (p>0,05), entretanto, o GII foi estatisticamente superior ao GI e GII (p<0,05).