Demand Side Management And Demand Response For Optimal Energy Usage: An Overview

Being more than a decade old idea, the Demand-side management (DSM) is among the most vital part of the modern smart grid. DSM enables the utilities to minimize the gap between the supply and the demand by optimizing their pattern of user loads. At the same time, it helps them in achieving economic and energy efficient systems by reducing the peak to average (PAR). The implementation of DSM programs by the utilities could help them in improving their reliability, power quality, energy, and system efficiency. On the other hand, customers could be use it to improve their load profile, reduce the peak demands, save energy, and motivate them use more and more renewable energy. Thus, both the utilities and the consumers get benefitted by the implementation of DSM program in the smart grid. This study tries to understand the application of energy efficient policies and the demand response techniques with various DSM strategies. The study mainly focuses on the various characteristics that would lead to effective implementation of DSM programs with particular attention of the residential energy demand. Also, there will be a focus on enhancement of energy efficiency leading to more effective policy responses. The researchers could find this study very helpful as it could be employed to maximize the utility profits, the total load factor, peak demand and also minimize the consumer usage bills

Alginate encapsulation in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. with phyto-chemical profiling of root extracts of in vitro converted plants using GC-MS analysis

Objective To investigate the conversion potential of alginate encapsulated nodes of Glycyrrhiza glabra with phyto-chemical evaluation of root extract of field transferred plants. Methods The excised axenic nodal segments were encapsulated in alginate matrix planted on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium with different supplementation and formulations of PGRs. The two year old field transferred plants were evaluated for phyto-compounds analysis using GC-MS technique. Results Varied responses were observed during the study, maximum conversion 95.83% ± 2.40% was obtained in these encapsulates when planted on MS medium containing 2.5 μM Kinetin and 0.5 μM α-Naphthalene acetic acid, which eventually developed into complete plantlets in a single step. Further, GC-MS analysis showed the presence of different phyto-compounds in the methanolic root extracts of in vitro converted plants. The results obtained revealed the presence of about 47 phyto-compounds along with various potential bioactive compounds useful for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. Conclusions This study investigates high frequency regeneration and conversion of Glycyrrhiza glabra in a single step in short time. Also, the in vitro raised plants are analysed for bioactive compounds after field transfer, which shows the presence of numerous compounds useful for commercial and pharmacological purposes.

Seed germination studies in pterocarpus marsupium roxb, an important multipurpose tree

The seed germination study was conducted through both in vitro and in vivo methods in Pterocarpus marsupium a multipurpose medicinal tree with low seed germination and poor viability. Mature seeds were surface sterilized and were either cultured on MS medium [half and full strength] augmented with different concentrations of GA[3] or subjected to various treatments viz. DW soaking, hot water soaking, cone. H[2]SO[4], cone. HCI and acid-alcohol [1:1]. The study suggested that in vitro method was more efficient and quick in terms of percent germination [80%] and half strength MS medium supplemented with GA[3] at 0.25 mg 1[-1] proved to be the optimal dose for induction of maximum germination