Hypoadiponectinemia: a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

Aim: to find out correlation between plasma adiponectin levels, insulin resistance and IDF criteria of Mets Patients. Methods: a case-control study was conducted on Native Javanese people from June 2006 to Januari 2007 in Outpatients Clinic of Dr Sardjito Hospital. The case group involved patients aged between 20 to 55 years old. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was confirmed according to IDF criteria. Patients without metabolic syndrome with matching age and sex,were taken as control group. Results: there were significant differences between case andh control group for BMI (body mass index) (30.2 +/- 4.1 vs 26.9 +/- 4.7 kg/m2), waist circumference (93.5 +/- 7.9 vs 84.4 +/- 11.5 cm), triglyceride (207.4 +/- 101.8 vs. 119.3 +/- 71.5 mg/dL) , HDL cholesterol (48.6 +/- 9.4 vs. 59.9 +/- 11.8m g/dL), systolic blood pressure (132.8 +/- 17.9mmHg vs 120.6 +/- 13.5 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (83.8 +/- 8.5 mmHg vs. 79.4 +/- 10.7), fasting blood glucose (128.3 +/- 40.8 mg/dL vs. 100.7 +/- 29.4 mg/dL), HOMA index (6.7 +/- 17.4 vs. 2.0 +/- 2.0) and adiponectin levels (3.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.9 +/- 2.5), respectively. For metabolic syndrome, hypoadiponectinemia showed the OR value of 6.0 (95% CI 2.13 to 16.98); insulin resistance showed the OR value of 5.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 25.02), after adjustment for waist circumference, TG, HLD, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance represent independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome development.

Fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level in peripheral arterial disease of type 2 diabetes patients.

AIM: To determine association of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 52 type 2 diabetes patients of 41-74 years old. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who were diagnosed with PAD (16) and without PAD (36). Diagnosis of PAD was based on the ankle brachial index (ABI) measurement. Fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level were evaluated as hemostatic factors. The two groups were compared for age, sex, smoking, plasma fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride concentrations, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure level. Statistical analyse were conducted to check the significance of differences between variables in the two groups as well as interrelationship between hemostatic factors and other parameters. RESULTS: Fibrinogen was similar in both group (402.42 +/- 74.44 mg/dl in PAD group and 322.45 +/- 101.05 mg/dl in non-PAD group) (p= 0.259). PAI-1 was also similar in both group (8.93 +/- 11.02 IU/ml in PAD group and 7.06 +/- 7.32 IU/ml in non-PAD group) (p=0.721). Hyperfibrinogenemia was more prevalent in PAD group (68.8%) than in non-PAD group (25%) (p= 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our data showed that fibrinogen and PAI-1 level were similar in both groups. As a risk factor hyperfibrinogenemia was more prevalent in PAD group.

Microalbuminuria prevalence study in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.

AIM: To assess the prevalence of macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in 10 Asian countries. METHODS: This cross-sectional clinic-based epidemiological study is a subanalysis of data collected from patients attending three medical centres in Indonesia from May 2002 to October 2002. A total of 207 patients were enrolled, of which 177 patients constituted the per protocol population (patients with bacteriuria and haematuria were excluded). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease was high, with macroalbuminuria comprising 44.7% (41.2-48.1;95% confidence interval) and microalbuminuria comprising 33.0% (29.7-36.3; 95% confidence interval). While the majority (91.53%) of patients were receiving treatment for hypertension, only 6.21% of the patients had systolic/diastolic blood pressures below the 130/85 mmHg target. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was high in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia, which is indicative of an impending pandemic of diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases in the region.