RESUMEN
Objectives: Present study was conducted to find out the incidence, pattern and demographic characteristics of the victims died of firearm injuries brought for Medico legal Autopsy at Tehsil Headquarter Hospital located in the suburbs of Punjab, Pakistan and to study the parameters of age, gender, number and site of injuries on the body of those victims
Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Gojra, District Toba Tek Singh, Punjab Pakistan during the period of two years i.e. 1[st] January 2009 to 31[st] December, 2010
Materials and Methods: All the victims of unnatural deaths brought for Medico legal Autopsy to Government Eye-cum General Hospital [Tehsil Headquarter Hospital] Gojra District Toba Tek Singh were studied in detail
The finding were tabulated, analyzed and compared with those of other studies conducted in different areas of Pakistan as well as other countries
Results: Out of the total 110 unnatural deaths, 83 [75.45%] were males and 27 [24.55%] females. Sixty five victims of age range 21-40 years constituted 59.09% of the death toll followed by 14 [12.73%] and 13 [11.82%] cases belonging to 2[nd] and 5[th] decades of life respectively. Firearms remained the most common modality to kill 52 [47.27%] victims including 42 [80.77%] males and 10 [19.23%] females giving a male to female ratio of 4:1. Out of the total 52 victims of firearms, 67.30% belonged to rural areas while 32.70% were residents of suburbs. Thirty four victims of firearms, with the age range of 21-40 years constituted the death toll of 65.38%. The most common site of injury was neck and chest involving 57.70% victims
The fatal firearm injuries on the head were noted in 17.30% dead bodies whereas extremities were involved only in 7.70% cases
Conclusion: The young males aged between 21-40 years were commonly involved in the fatalities resulting from firearms in rural setting belonging to Tehsil Gojra of Punjab. The situation is alarming and eye opener for the law enforcing agencies
To prevent such killings, there should be combined effort from all sections of the society
Appropriate steps should be taken for control of the extremism, socio-economical development of the area and proper employment facility for the youth. Concrete efforts for prevention need to be initiated through implementation of the rule of law, strict control on the firearms, as well as education and awareness among rural / urban population
RESUMEN
Objectives: The present study was undertaken with objectives to study the socio-demographic and medico-legal characteristics in victims of sexual assault reporting for medico legal examination at tertiary care hospital at Bahawalpur
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Accident and Emergency of a tertiary care hospital at Bahawalpur front I[st] January, 2013 to 31[st] December, 2014
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 87 cases of sexual assault received in the Department of Accident and Emergency of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur during the calendar years 2013 and 2014. The details pertaining to sodo-demographic factors such as age, marital status, residential background, and profession of the victim, time interval between the incidence and medico-legal examination and associated physical / genital injuries sustained by the victims wene also recorded- The results of the different specimens sent to the forensic science laboratory for fiuther examination were collected and tabulated on a self designed Performa. Results: The study revealed that incidence of sexual assault was common in urban citizens as compared to the rural areas. The most vulnerable age group was 11-20 years involving 36[41.38%] cases followed by those belonging to 3[rd] decade of life involving 30[34.48%] victims. Of the total 87 cases of alleged sexual assault, 35[40.23%] were students whereas 55 [63.22%] were unmarried
As regard the time interval between sexual assault and examination, 20[22.99%]victims presented themselves for medico legal examinationwithin24 hours of the incidence. Hymen was found tom/iuptured with old tears in 72[82,76%] cases and fresh tear was noticed in 15[17.24%] victims whereas no Virgo intacta was found among all sexual assault cases. Vaginal swabs were found stained with spermatozoa in 56[64.36%] cases and on naked eye examination; the clothes of 22[25.29%]victims were stained with semen. Conclusion: The most vulnerable age group affected by the sexual violence in Bahawalpur belonged to 11 -20 years and majority unmarried. Rape and Sexual Assault is imderreported crime due to social stigma. A joint effort by law enforcing agencies. Judiciary and civil society should be made in collaboration of electronic and print media to eliminate the sexual violence from the community. The study may help to enhance awareness among public and implement the strategies to make the society a safe place for females particularly the unmarried younger age group
RESUMEN
Background: Poisoning due to Hair dye containing Paraphenylene diamine, famous with local name of 'Kala Pathar' is an emerging way of self harm in developing countries. The substance produces toxic effects if ingested or when applied locally including angioedema, respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and hepatic necrosis
Objective: To study the demographic profile, clinical manifestations and outcome of the victims of 'Kala Pathar' hair dye [PPD] poisoning. Study Design, Setting and Duration: Prospective study was carried out in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur [a tertiary care health institution] for the period from 1[st] January 2016 to 10[th] March 2016
Methodology: The study conducted in 109 patients of Paraphenylene diamine poisoning admitted in B.V. Hospital Bahawalpur, through Accident and Emergency Department with history of ingestion of Kala Pathar hair dye. The patients were treated conservatively and tracheostomy was done as life saving measure in all cases having acute cervicofacial and laryngeal oedema. The patients were grouped according to the age, gender, clinical presentation and final outcome. The data cleaned, analyzed and results were expressed in tables and charts
Results: Out of the total109 patients, 12[11%] were male and 97[89%] females. Majority 91 [83.48%] victim belonged to the age range of 11-30 years involving 83[76.15%] females and 26[23.85%] males. One hundred and four [95.41%] patients were of lower socioeconomic class and rural dwellers. Suicidal intention was reported in all 109 [100%] cases who developed cervicofacial oedema associated with dysponea and strider and emergency tracheostomy was done in all those victims. Eighty Six[78.90%] patients were discharged in good condition and 23[21.10%] expired due to complications of Paraphenylene diamine poisoning. Of those 23 fatalities, 19[82.60%] were females and 4[17.40%] males
Conclusion: 'Kala Pathar' Paraphenylene diamine poisoning is more common in females of younger age group belonging to rural areas and associated with high mortality. The cases could be managed by early diagnosis and prompt actions for supportive treatment because no specific antidote is available. As burden of such cases has been increasing, there is dire need for bringing awareness among the public regarding the toxic effects of hair dye [PPD]. It is suggested that sale of 'Kala Pathar' should be legally restricted by the concerned authorities