RESUMEN
Debonding of orthodontic brackets is the last step of orthodontic treatment. This step should be performed carefully and with the best available method. The purpose of this study was to compare the site of bond failure after debonding brackets by debonding plier and crown remover. One hundred sixty newly extracted premolars were bonded with metal brackets and randomly assigned to two study groups [n = 80].In one group brackets were debonded with debonding plier[DR] using base method while in other group brackets were debonded with crown remover[CR]. Enamel surface after debonding was subsequently assessed visually for any adhesive remnant and adhesive remnant index [ARI] scoring based on 4 scores from 0 to 3 was applied. The ARI scorings of these two pliers were cross tabulated. The site of bond failure was mostly within the adhesive after debonding with crown remover while it was at enamel adhesive interference after debonding with debonding plier. It was concluded that crown remover is safer in terms of enamel integrity than debonding plier
RESUMEN
Marginal mandibular nerve is one of the five terminal motor branches of facial nerve given in the substance of parotid gland. Injury to this nerve during surgical procedures hampers the actions of muscles of the lip and chin causing functional and aesthetic impairment. This study on number of rami and communication of marginal mandibular nerve will benefit maxillofacial, general, cosmetic /plastic surgeons to safely prevent iatrogenic injury to this important branch of facial nerve. Dissection of one hundred [100] hemi-faces of adult unclaimed cadavers of both genders was done [from September 2009 to March 2010] in Forensic and Anatomy departments of King Edward Medical University, Lahore. Cadavers with any scar or mutilated face/ neck were excluded from this study. In 100 hemi faces, number of rami of marginal mandibular nerve varies from 1-3. Single branch is most common [74%] followed by two [20%] and three rami [6%]. In 36% of cases communication was seen with buccal branch, 1% with cervical branch, with both buccal and cervical branches in 1% of cases. No communication with either buccal or cervical branch of facial nerve was seen in 62% of cases. Frequency of communication increases with number of Rami of marginal mandibular nerve. In our population single marginal mandibular nerve is most common [74%] which does not communicate with other branches of facial nerve frequently [74.3%]. Therefore transection of this nerve during surgical procedures can result in permanent paralysis
RESUMEN
The placement of orthodontic bands on molar teeth is a routine procedure during orthodontic treatment .There is a possibility that bacteria may enter the blood stream during this process. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of post procedural bacteremia in patients undergoing orthodontic banding. A Cross sectional survey was carried out at the Department of Orthodontics, de, Montmorency College of Dentistry / Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore during a period of 6 months [1[st] March ,2009 to 31[st] August, 2009] The study included 140 subjects with age range between 8-25 yrs of both sexes. Bands were placed on molar teeth and blood samples were taken before and after placement of bands. Blood cultures were done on the samples to assess the presence of bacteremia. The study revealed that there was no significant bacteremia after orthodontic banding so as to be considered a potential threat for normal patients. It was concluded that the level of bacteremia detected was not significant to be considered hazardous in routine orthodontic treatment. The prescription of antibiotic therapy should be based on the latest guidelines