Association of orthodontic treatment and aspiration pneumonia

Foreign body aspiration or ingestion is an uncommon potential complication during orthodontic dentistry, and it can produce a medical emergency. Obstruction of the airways can be life-threatening, and delayed recognition and management can result in pulmonary complications such as recurrent pneumonia. Dental treatment has been identified as an important cause of the misplacement of foreign bodies in the airway. Objects used in orthodontic treatment are mainly used due to their manufacturing limitations, such as their shape and size, and because they are made of radiolucent materials, which make them easy to aspirate or ingest and difficult to detect with a radiograph. However, few reports have been published on orthodontic dentistry-related foreign body aspiration and pulmonary complications. Furthermore, micro-aspiration due to poor oral hygiene in patients undergoing orthodontic procedures has been investigated in this review since poor oral hygiene is a well-established risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in the elderly population. The association between the aspiration of orthodontic material and aspiration pneumonia is not well established. Aspiration pneumonia is a secondary symptom of misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of dental material aspiration. Additionally, poor oral hygiene can also increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients since poor oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment leads to plaque retention, which can lead to increased development of hyperplastic gingivitis and periodontal breakdown, established risk factor for aspiration pneumonia.

Effect of periodontal disease on children with diabetes and their quality of life

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a life-altering and comparatively prevalent chronic condition affecting children. The root cause of the condition is linked to the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, which produce the hormone insulin and are destroyed by an autoimmune inflammation. The illness then shows up clinically as a result. In the context of the combination of hereditary and external variables, the condition emerges in people with polygenic genetic susceptibility. Concerning a potential connection involving DM and periodontitis, many investigations have been released. Conflicting results, though, have been recorded. Certain authors believe that individuals with DM have significantly higher levels of gingival inflammation and marginal periodontitis than non-DM controls, despite the fact that this association has not been discovered in another research. Dental plaque microbes are the primary cause of periodontal pathologies, in which the tissues around the teeth become infected. Periodontitis manifests in DM patients earlier than it does in the general demographic of healthy individuals. Periodontal deterioration typically shows up in children with DM throughout puberty, while it can happen sooner. Also, in juvenile subjects with type 1 DM, the development of periodontal infection has been linked to poorly managed DM. Elevated access to glucose in both the fluid around the gingival crevice and saliva promotes the growth of caries and periodontal pathology causing microbes and worsens oral inflammation. Owing to inflammation, periodontal disease affects the cellular and humoral immune systems. The generation of insulin and metabolic control are impacted by these modifications in immune responses. Thus, periodontal disease can hinder glycemic control, and impaired metabolic control can further encourage periodontitis; a loop may be generated that worsens both problems. Hence, it is vital to prevent and manage oral inflammatory conditions in order to effectively prevent and control DM complications.