Awareness of oral cancer among dentists and dental students of islamic international dental college, islamabad

Objectives: To assess the undergraduate dental students and dentists about the knowledge, prevention and detection of oral cancer

Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study

Place And Duration: From May 2011 to March 2012 at Islamic International Dental College Islamabad

Methodology: A pre validated questionnaire was used to test oral cancer awareness among undergraduate dental students at Islamic International Dental College. A total of 140 students, House surgeons and faculty members participated in this survey

Results: Out of 140 participants= 58 % [n=81] showed high awareness=34 % [n=47] showed moderate awareness and 8 % [n=12] were found having low level of awareness regarding oral cancer. Faculty members were reported to have a significant high level of knowledge in comparison with house officers and students regarding riskfactors and clinical features of the disease

Conclusion: This study highlights for consideration regarding improvement to undergraduate dental education as well as in conferences and symposiums

Effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health

This study was undertaken to assess the effects of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal health of young patients. 50 patients were randomly selected irrespective of sex from the orthodontic department of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad. Periodontal examination was performed before, after six months and after 18 months of treatment. CPITN [community periodontal index for treatment need] was used to assess the periodontal health of indexed teeth. SPSS version 17 and Chi Square test was used to analyze and compare the data. The results showed that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment do show the signs of periodontal disease. Comparison of patients of pre ortho and intra ortho revealed a p value of 0.02 while p value of patients during and after orthodontic treatment suggested a strong relationship between progress of periodontal disease during orthodontic treatment. P value of 0.456 of pre and post ortho patients suggested that there is no direct relationship between the two. The knowledge, attitude and practice on gingival health among orthodontic patients were poor

Intrathecal anti-tetanus human immunoglobulin in the treatment of neonatal tetanus

To determine the outcome of tetanus in neonates treated with intrathecal tetanus immunoglobulin in terms of mortality and hospital stay. Experimental study. Paediatric Unit I, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from April 2004 to December 2007. Seventy neonates with diagnosis of neonatal tetanus were included in the study. The neonates with fits due to causes other than tetanus were excluded. Thirty five patients received intrathecal immunoglobulin in addition to standard treatment [group A] while, the other 35 patients received only standard treatment [group B]. The mortality and duration of hospital stay in 2 groups were recorded. In group A, mean duration of hospital stay was 10 days while, in group B it was 13 days [p<0.001]. One patient from group A and 8 patients from group B expired [p=0.026]. The occurrence of refractory fits, repeated apnoeic episodes and high grade fever did not show any statistically significant difference in the 2 groups. Intrathecal anti-tetanus immunoglobulin in addition to the standard improved the outcome of neonatal tetanus in terms of mortality and hospital stay

Shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer cement to mechanically treated versus chemo-mechanically treated dentin

To determine the effect of a chemo mechanical caries removal [CMCR] gel Carisolv[TM] on shear bond strength [SBS] of conventional glass ionomer cement bonded to human permanent dentin. One conventional glass ionomer cement [Fuji IX, GC Co, Tokyo Japan] was used. Sixty four teeth were sectioned occlusally; exposed coronal dentin was polished with silicon papers. Teeth in the control groups [C] were directly bonded to respective glass ionomer cements [GIC]. For test groups [T] the polished dentin surface was pre-treated with Carisolv [TM] [Singlemix Uncoloured Gel, Medi Team, Sweden] prior to bonding. Bonded specimens were stored for 24 hours and stressed to failure in the shear mode. SBS of Fuji IX, test group [4.97 +/- 0.82 MPa] was significantly higher [P = .001] than its control group [3.98 +/- 0.67MPa]. Carisolv[TM] pre-treatment significantly increased the shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer cement to dentin

Farber disease: a rare neurodegenerative disorder

This is the case report of a two-and-a-half-year old male infant with Farber disease, which is a rare neurodegenerative mucolipidosis. The child presented with regression of milestones, laryngeal involvement and painful joints with swellings around the joints. Neuroimaging findings and the biopsy of the soft tissue swellings helped to reach the diagnosis

frequency and management of intestinal Tuberculosis; a hospital based study

To determine the frequency of clinical manifestation of intestinal tuberculosis and outcome of different treatment modalities. This descriptive study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from July 2005 to June 2006. Fifty cases having radiological evidence of tuberculosis in the intestines were included in the study. Various parameters like age, sex, presentation, investigation and various treatment modalities were studied. Twenty three [46%] patients presented with subacute and 13 [26%] with acute intestinal obstruction and 12 [24%] with signs of peritonism. Presenting symptoms were: pain abdomen and anorexia in 47[94%] patients, nausea / vomiting in 30 [60%] patients and constipation in 28 [56%] patients. Tenderness was present in 48 [96%] patients and distension of abdomen in 35 [70%]. Two [4%] patients were treated conservatively and 48 patients [96%] were managed by surgery [emergency surgery 34 cases, semi-elective surgery 14 cases]. In 47 [94%] patients, diagnosis was confirmed by characteristic caseating granuloma. Resection of the small bowel with ileo-ileal anastamosis was done in 16 cases and limited right hemicolectomy with ileo-colic anastamosis in 14 cases. Two staged procedures were performed in 8 cases. Only three [6%] cases needed re-admission for complications, two [4%] for sub-acute obstruction and one [2%] for ileostomy prolapse. Abdominal tuberculosis presents with pain abdomen, anorexia, vomiting and with signs of intestinal obstruction. The surgical procedures like resection with primary anastomosis have satisfactory outcome. Two stage surgical procedures are advisable if the risk of anastamotic leakage and faecal fistula formation is high

Shear bond strength and marginal adaptation of glass ionomers to chemomechanically treated human permanent dentine: a scanning electron microscopic [SEM] evaluation

The search for a dental restorative material which adheres directly to enamel and dentaic was the need of clinical dentistry. The performance of restorative conventional and rein-modified glass ionomer cements to chemiomechanically treated human permanent dentive will be of help for clionical dentistry. To determine the effect of a chemomechanical caries removal [CMCR] gel Carisolv TM on shear bond strength [SBS] and marginal adaptation of conventional glass ionomer cement [OGIC] and resin-modified glass ionomer cement [RMGIC] bonded to human permanent dentine. One conventional glass ionomer cement [Fuji IX, GC Co. Tokyo Japan] and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement [Fuji II, GC Co. Tokyo Japan] was used. Sixty four teeth were sectioned occlusally; exposed coronal dentine was polished wit silicon papers. Teeth in the control groups [C] wee directly bonded to respective glass ionomer cements [GICs]. For test groups [T] the polished dentine surface was pretreated with Carisolv TM [Singlemix Uncolored Gel, Medi Team, Sweden] prior to bonding. Bonded specimens were stored for 24 hours stressed to failure in the shear mode. Failure modes were identified with a Stereoscopic Microscope. Each type of failure mode was further examined under a Scanning Electron Microscope [SEM]. To evaluate the adaptation of GICs to underlying dentine surfaces, one additional specimen was prepared and sectioned through the centre. Sectioned specimens were analyzed using backscattered Electron imaging mode. SBS of Fuji IX, test group [4.9 +/- 0.82 Mpa] significantly higher [P = 0.001] than it's control group [3.98 +/- 0.67 Mpa]. Whereas, no significant difference [P = 0.160] was observed in SBS of Fuji II test group [13.52 +/- 1.88 Mpa] and control groups [12.23 +/- 2.89 Mpa]. Predominant failure mode observed was cohesive failure within the cement. SEM examination showed that both Fuji IX and Fuji II specimens had smooth and even cement-dentine interface. Carisolv TM pretreatment did not adversely affect the bond strength of conventional and resin modified glass ionomer cements to dentine

Frequency of helicobacter pylori in patients presented with perforated peptic ulcer

To study the frequency of H-pylori infection in patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease [Duodenal and Gastric]. During the study period a total of 85 patients were admitted with acute perforated peptic ulcer to surgical "C" unit Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from June 2004 to December 2005. They were operated and post operatively blood sample was taken for identification of antibodies against H-pylori by ELISA method. All patients irrespective of gender and age who were operated for perforated peptic ulcer were included in the study. Patient who gave history of intake of H2 receptor antagonist and Proton Pump Inhibitors up to six weeks prior to their presentation were excluded. Out of 85 patients studied and analyzed for antibodies against H-pylori, 77 [90.59%] were male and 8[9.41%] were female. Age ranged from 30-75 years. ELISA showed that 56.46% [n=48] were positive while 43.54% [n=37] were negative for antibodies against H-pylori. 87% [n=54] patients gave history of chronic dyspepsia. 47 of these were positive for H-pylori. All patients were treated with eradication therapy which consisted of clarithromycin, metronidazole and omeprazole. Six weeks after initial surgery blood samples were analysed for H-Pylori and were found to be negative. Patients who present with perforated peptic ulcer and gave history of chronic dyspepsia should be given eradication therapy post-operatively in order to reduce the incidence of recurrence

Urinary tract calculi: a four years' experience

To study the pattern and management of urolithiasis. This retrospective observational study was carried out at surgical D unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2001 to December 2004. Data of 852 patients with urolithiasis, managed in the surgical unit in the four years period was evaluated. Information regarding age, sex, side, site, type of operation and chemical nature of the calculi was recorded on a proforma. Metabolic study was done in only selected cases. During the study period, 852 patients with urolithiasis were managed. Out of these, 577 [67.72%] were male and 275 [32.28%] were female, with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Patients between 1 year and 85 years of age were operated. Maximum number of patients was between 3rd and 5th decade of life. Majority of the patients belonged to lower middle and poor socioeconomic groups. Chemical analysis showed calcium oxalate in 503 [60%] cases followed by uric acid in 126 [15%] cases. All the patients underwent open surgical procedures except 34 [3.9%] patients who had litholapexy, 5 [0.6%] patients had lithotripsy after insertion of double J stent. Thirteen [1.5%] patients .underwent nephrectomy for renal stone disease. Urolithiasis is a fairly common disease. Commonest calculi found were calcium oxalate

Assessment of nutritional status of children under 48 months of age

To assess the frequency and severity of malnutrition, and its association with mothers education, breast feeding duration, weaning age, family income and family size, in children under 48 months of age. Case- Control study. The study was conducted at E.P.I. Centre, Paediatrics out patient department B.V. Hospital, Bahawalpur, from March 1999 to September 2000. The weight for age, a direct anthropometric measurement, was used for assessment of malnutrition. Inclusion criteria were the children under 48 months of age attending E.P.I. Center B.V.H., Bahawalpur. Children loosing weight due to acute diarrhoea were excluded from the study. The results indicate that 587 [58.7%] children were normal and 413 [41.3%] were suffering from malnutrition. Among malnourished children, 208 [20.8%] had first degree, 110 [11%] had second degree and 95 [9.5%] had third degree malnutrition at 95% confidence intervals [+ - 2SD]. In the mother education group, the 462 illiterate mothers having 220 [47.6%] normal and 242 [52.4%] malnourished while 161 higher educated were having 123 [76.4%] normal and 38 [23.6%] malnourished children only. Odd Ratio is 3.56, showing that those children who were exposed to mother illiteracy were having 3.56 time more malnutrition as compared to educated mothers group. The 192 non breast feeding mothers had 100 [52%] normal and 92 [48%] malnourished children as compared to 409 mothers breast feeding their children for one year and above having 249 [61%] normal and 160 [39%] malnourished children. The Odd ratio is 1.43 showing that children exposed to non breast feeding factor are 1.43 times more malnourished as compared to breast fed children. Among the weaning variable, it has been found that 270 mothers, giving early weaning from 4[th] month, had 184 [68.2%] normal and 86 [31.8%] malnourished children. The 315 mothers beginning weaning after one year and above had 144 [45.7%] normal 171 [54.3%] malnourished among them. The Odd ratio is 2.54 showing that children exposed to late weaning after one year are having malnutrition 2.54 times more as compared to other children who received weaning earlier than 4[th] month. Similarly, the family size had shown that 235 mothers having only one child had 165 [70.2%] children normal and 70 [29.8%] malnourished but 255 mothers, having 4 or more children, had 120 [47.1%] normal and 135 [52.9%] malnourished children. The Odd ratio is 2.65 showing that the children exposed to large family size of 4 or more than 4 children suffer from malnutrition 2.65 times more as compared to those who belong to a small family size. The family monthly income shows that 508 mothers from a low income group have 253 [49.8%] normal and 255 [50.2%] malnourished children but 207 mothers from families with a higher income, had 156 [75.3%] normal and 51 [24.7%] children malnourished. The Odd ratio is 3.08 showing that children exposed to poor socio-economic status are having 3.08 times more malnutrition among them as compared to children belonging to rich families. Malnutrition is more prevalent in illiterate sectors of the community where breast feeding is not practiced. The delayed weaning as well as large family size with poor socio-economic status is also associated with malnutrition. By removing these factors, we can reduce the malnutrition load among children

Rotavirus enteritis in hospitalized infants and young children

The relative importance of rotaviral diarrhoea was assessed by etiological evaluation of 264 patients suffering from acute diarrhoea admitted in Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Centre, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Rotavirus was found to be the second most common enteropathogen [28.4%], the first most common being E. coli, although neonates and older children were found to be affected less frequently [12%]. Mixed rotaviral and bacterial infection was found in 6.4% of patients. Collectively rotavirus was isolated from 34.8% of patients. There was no change in the relative frequency of rotaviral diarrhoea with the change of season. Breast fed babies had a slightly lower incidence of rotaviral diarrhoea. Roughly 75% of patients had isonatremic dehydration, but the incidence of hyponatremia was more [16.8%] in rotaviral group while hypernatremic dehydration was more frequently seen [15.8%] in non-viral group. Episodes of rotaviral diarrhoea more often resulted in severe symptoms and slightly higher mortality