Comparación de parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal de futbolistas profesionales / A Comparison of Anthropometric Parameters and the Body Composition of Professional Soccer Players

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en futbolistas profesionales en cinco temporadas. Se efectuó un estudio transversal (comparativo). Se estudió a 120 futbolistas, donde cada cohorte por año se evaluó a 24 futbolistas. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 37 años. Se evaluó a los futbolistas al inicio de cada temporada en los años 2012 a 2016: Se midió el peso, la estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos (Tríceps, subescapular, supra-iliaco, abdominal, muslo y pantorrilla). Se calculó el Índice de Masa corporal IMC, % de grasa, la masa grasa y masa libre de grasa MLG. El tejido adiposo se agrupó en tres grupos (brazo: (tricpes+subescapular, tronco: suprailiaco+abdominal, Piernas: muslo+pantorrilla). Hubo diferencias en el peso corporal, la estatura, la sumatoria de los 6 pliegues y la MLG a lo largo de los 5 años. [año 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7.8kg, estatura: 177.6±5.7cm, Pliegues: 58.7±12.8mm, MLG: 64.5±6.3mm), año 2013: (Peso: 77.8±6.4kg, Estatura: 178,4±4.4, Pliegues: 60.1±15.9mm, MLG:66.3±3.5mm), año 2014: (Peso: 74.9±5.7kg, Estatura: 177.0±5.8cm, Pliegues: 54.4±14.7mm, MLG: 64.5±4.5kg), año 2015: (Peso: 74.1±6.8kg, Estatura: 176.1±5.5cm, Pliegues: 54.9±15.6mm, MLG: 63.8±4.6kg), año 2016: (Peso: 72.7±kg, Estatura: 175.3±6.9kg, Pliegues: 50.8±12.mm, MLG: 62.8±5.9kg)]. Este estudio verificó que el perfil antropométrico y el tejido adiposo de los futbolistas fueron disminuyendo en cada temporada, mientras que la MLG reflejó similares valores en cada uno de las cohortes evaluadas.

Abstract The present cross-sectional (comparative) study aimed to compare the anthropometric and body composition parameters in professional soccer players over five seasons. It was conducted on 120 soccer players grouped in a cohort of 24 subjects per year. The age range was 18 to 37 years. The footballers were evaluated at the beginning of each season from 2012 to 2016; weight, height, six skin folds (triceps, subscapularis, supra-iliac, abdominal, thigh, and calf) were evaluated from 2012 to 2015. The Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, fat mass, and FFM were calculated. The adipose tissue was grouped into three groups: arm (triceps + subscapular), trunk (supra iliac + abdominal), and legs (thigh + calf). Body weight, height, the sum of the 6 folds, and the MLG varied during the 5 years. For 2012 the results were the following: Weight, 76.6 ± 7.8kg; Height, 177.6 ± 5.7cm; Folds, 58.7 ± 12.8mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 6.3mm). In 2013, these were the results: Weight, 77.8 ± 6.4kg; Height, 178, 4 ± 4.4; Folds, 60.1 ± 15.9mm; MLG, 66.3 ± 3.5mm). These were the measures obtained in 2014: Weight, 74.9 ± 5.7kg; Height, 177.0 ± 5.8cm; Folds, 54.4 ± 14.7mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 4.5kg ). And these were of the year 2015: Weight, 74.1 ± 6.8kg; Height, 176.1 ± 5.5cm; Folds, 54.9 ± 15.6mm; MLG, 63.8 ± 4.6kg). Finally, in 2016 these were the measures collected: Weight, 72.7 ± kg; Height, 175.3 ± 6.9 kg; Folds, 50.8 ± 12.mm; MLG, 62.8 ± 5.9kg. This study verified that the soccer players' anthropometric profile and adipose tissue decreased each season, while the MLG reflected similar values in each of the evaluated cohorts.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal em jogadores profissionais de futebol durante cinco temporadas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal (comparativo). Foi estudado um total de 120 jogadores de futebol, onde cada coorte por ano foram avaliados 24 jogadores. A faixa etária era de 18 a 37 anos. Os futebolistas foram avaliados no início de cada temporada, nos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram medidas altura, peso, seis dobras da pele (tríceps, subescapular, supra ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e calcanhar). Foram calculados índice de massa corporal IMC, % de gordura, massa de gordura e massa livre de gordura MLG. O tecido adiposo foi agrupado em três grupos (braço: tríceps + subescapular, tronco: suprailíaco + abdominal, pernas: coxa + calcanhar). Houve diferenças no peso corporal, na altura, a soma de 6 dobras e a MLG ao longo dos 5 anos: ano 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7,8kg, Altura: 177,6±5,7cm, Dobras: 58,7±12,8mm, GLM: 64,5±6,3mm), ano 2013 (Peso: 77,8±6,4kg, Altura: 178,4±4,4, Dobras: 60,1±15,9mm, GLM:66,3±3.5mm), ano 2014 (Peso: 74,9±5,7kg, Altura: 177,0±5,8cm, Dobras: 54,4±14,7mm, GLM: 64,5±4,5kg), ano 2015 (Peso: 74,1±6,8kg, Altura: 176,1±5,5cm, Dobras: 54,9±15,6mm, GLM: 63,8±4,6kg), ano 2016 (Peso: 72,7±kg, Altura: 175,3±6,9kg, Dobras: 50,8±12,mm, GLM: 62,8±5,9kg). Este estudo verificou que o perfil antropométrico e o tecido adiposo dos jogadores de futebol diminuíram em cada temporada, enquanto que a MLG refletiu valores similares em cada um dos coortes avaliados.

Deterioro de la piel asociado con aseguramiento del dispositivo de acceso intravascular / Skin breakdown associated with securing of the intravascular access device / Ruptura da pele associada à fixação do dispositivo de acesso intravascular

El deterioro de la piel asociado con adhesivos de uso médico en dispositivos de acceso intra-vascular es un evento adverso que puede contribuir a la interrupción de la terapia de infusión intravascular. La Sociedad de enfermeras de infusión recomienda usar tecnologías de protec-ción como apósito estéril para aseguramiento del catéter y cinta quirúrgica para aseguramien-to complementario. Objetivo: Analizar las causas y prevalencia del deterioro de la piel aso-ciado con aseguramiento del dispositivo de acceso intravascular. Métodos: Estudio analítico, de corte transversal. Para recolectar datos se empleó un formato digital y observación directa a pacientes hospitalizados (n=813) con algún dispositivo de aseguramiento en acceso intra-vascular central o periférico, y aseguramiento complementario con cinta quirúrgica, dando seguimiento durante 7 días en febrero 2020. Resultados: El deterioro de la piel incluyó de-sprendimiento de epidermis, maceración, dermatitis irritativa por contacto y alérgica, con prevalencia de 2.2%. Se atribuyeron a catéter venoso central (f=8), catéter venoso periférico (f=7) y cinta quirúrgica para aseguramiento complementario del apósito transparente (f=3). Discusión: Las causas de deterioro de la piel se debieron al tipo de dispositivo y material implementado para aseguramiento; en la mayoría de casos las lesiones se encontraron en accesos venosos periféricos, seguida de accesos venosos centrales, siendo el aseguramiento complementario la menor causa de deterioro de la piel. Conclusiones: La técnica correcta de aplicación y retiro de insumos adhesivos de estabilización y aseguramiento del catéter intravascular evitará el desprendimiento de los mismos, lesiones de piel e interrupción de la terapia de infusión intravascular

Deterioration of the skin associated with medical adhesives in intravascular access devices is an adverse event that can contribute to the discontinuation of intravascular infusion ther-apy. The Society of Infusion Nurses recommends the use of protective technologies such as sterile dressing for catheter securing and surgical tape for supplemental securing. Objective: To analyze the causes and prevalence of skin deterioration associated with securing the intravascular access device. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study. To collect data, a digital format and direct observation of hospitalized patients (n = 813) were used with some device for securing in central or peripheral intravascular access, and complementary securing with surgical tape, with follow-up for 7 days in February 2020. Results: The Skin deterioration included epidermal detachment, maceration, irritant contact and allergic dermatitis, with a prevalence of 2.2%. They were attributed to central venous catheter (f = 8), peripheral venous catheter (f = 7) and surgical tape for complementary securing of the transparent dressing (f = 3). Discussion: The causes of skin deterioration were due to the type of device and mate-rial implemented for belaying; In the majority of cases, the lesions were found in peripheral venous accesses, followed by central venous accesses, with supplementary insurance being the least cause of skin deterioration. Conclusions: The correct technique for applying and removing adhesive supplies for stabilization and securing of the intravascular catheter will avoid their detachment, skin lesions and interruption of intravascular infusion therapy

A deterioração da pele associada a adesivos médicos em dispositivos de acesso intravascular é um evento adverso que pode contribuir para a descontinuação da terapia de infusão intra-vascular. A Society of Infusion Nurses recomenda o uso de tecnologias de proteção, como curativo estéril para fixação do cateter e esparadrapo para fixação suplementar. Objetivo: Analisar as causas e a prevalência da deterioração da pele associada à fixação do dispositivo de acesso intravascular. Métodos: Estudo analítico, transversal. Para a coleta de dados, uti-lizou-se o formato digital e observação direta dos pacientes internados (n = 813) com algum dispositivo de fixação em acesso intravascular central ou periférico e a fixação complementar com esparadrapo, com seguimento de 7 dias em fevereiro de 2020. Resultados: A deterio-ração da pele incluiu descolamento epidérmico, maceração, contato com irritante e dermatite alérgica, com prevalência de 2,2%. Foram atribuídos a cateter venoso central (f = 8), cateter venoso periférico (f = 7) e esparadrapo para fixação complementar do curativo transparente (f = 3). Discussão: As causas da deterioração da pele foram devido ao tipo de dispositivo e material implementado para amarração; Na maioria dos casos, as lesões foram encontradas em acessos venosos periféricos, seguidos de acessos venosos centrais, sendo a amarração suplementar a menor causa de deterioração da pele. Conclusões: A técnica correta de apli-cação e retirada de suprimentos adesivos para estabilização e fixação do cateter intravascular evitará seu descolamento, lesões cutâneas e interrupção da terapia de infusão intravascular

Infestation dynamics of Triatoma dimidiata in highly deforested tropical dry forest regions of Guatemala

BACKGROUND Deforestation, driven by anthropogenic change in land use, influences the behaviour and abundance of vector-borne diseases. For various species of Chagas disease vectors, there is evidence that change in land use affects population density and abundance. Triatoma dimidiata is the most important Chagas vector in Guatemala, and at least one million people live in T. dimidiata endemic areas; however, infestation dynamics vary among regions, from high infestation with all life stages to low seasonal infestation by sylvatic adults. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate how land-use, combined with domiciliary risk factors, influences the infestation dynamics of T. dimidiata for four villages in a dry forest region with a strong deforestation history. METHODS Land use, measured with drone and satellite images, was classified into four categories (houses, monocultures and pastures, woodland and shrubland, and bare soil). Domiciliary risk factors and infestation were assessed through entomological surveys. Statistical analyses compared infestation indices and the ability of land use and domiciliary risk factors to explain infestation. FINDINGS Two villages had significantly higher infestation (26 and 30% vs. 5 and 6%), yet all villages had high colonisation (71-100% of infested houses had immature insects), with no significant difference among them. Because of the high level of deforestation across the study area, land use was not related to infestation; however, domiciliary risk factors were. A model based on four weighted domiciliary risk factors (adobe or bajareque walls, intradomicile animals, intradomicile clutter, and dirt floors) explains the infestation risk. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Because almost all infested houses have reproducing populations in this deforested dry forest region and statistical analysis identified the domiciliary risk factors for infestation, intermediate and long-term control of Chagas disease vectors in this region requires management of these risk factors.

Efficacy of Tamsulosin, Oxybutynin, and their combination in the control of double-j stent-related lower urinary tract symptoms

ABSTRACT Introduction and objective Indwelling double J ureteral stents are used routinely in the resolution of ureteral obstruction caused by different etiologies. Evaluation of urinary symptoms related to double-J stent, indicate that these affect 73-90% of patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized study, to evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin, oxybutinin and combination therapy in improving the urinary symptoms. Methods Patients who underwent ureteral stent placement after ureterolithotripsy (total 51), were randomized into three groups: Group I: Tamsulosin 0.4 mg. once per day(17 patients), Group II: Oxybutinin 5 mg. once per day (17 patients), Group III: Tamsulosin+ oxybutynin once per day (17 patients). All the groups received the drugs for three weeks and completed a Spanish validated Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) at day 7 and 21. Results Repeated measures ANOVA showed mean urinary symptom index score was 22.3 vs. 15.5 in group three (p<0.001) at day 7 and 21 respectively. The mean work performance index was 6.6 vs 8.1 (p=0.049) favoring tamsulosin group, the mean sexual score was 0.5 vs 1.5 (p=0.03). Among additional problems the mean was 7.2 vs 6.2 (p=0.03). No significant difference was noted among pain and general health index. No side effects were reported. Conclusions Combination therapy with tamsulosin and oxybutynin improved irritative symptoms and work performance as well as sexual matters. Combination therapy should be considered for patients who complained of stent related symptoms.

El plan de alta de enfermería y su impacto en la disminución de reingresos hospitalario / The nursing discharge plan and its impact on the reduction of hospital readmissions

En 1984 surgió el plan de alta en enfermería en Estados Unidos. Éste fue incluido dentro del sistema Medicare con el propósito de reducir los costos del sistema de salud, por lo que este se extendió rápidamente a Europa y América Latina. En México existen pocos estudios sobre al plan de alta en enfermería, por lo que es necesario evaluar la trascendencia y el impacto de su aplicación. material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y cuantitativo en un hospital de tercer nivel. La población de estudio fueron las enfermeras con licenciatura del turno matutino. El instrumento de recolección estuvo dividido en cuatro apartados (datos generales, elaboración y contenido del plan, así como el impacto de su aplicabilidad). Resultados: Las recomendaciones del plan de alta se centran en: los medicamentos, los signos y síntomas de alarma, los cuidados en el hogar y las medidas higiénico-dietéticas con 81%. Los profesionales de enfermería lo aplican de forma oral y escrita en 79%. Más de 50% no registra esta actividad en el expediente clínico. Su aplicación contribuye con el derecho que tienen los pacientes de estar informados, además del impacto en los reingresos hospitalarios. Conclusiones: La aplicación del plan de alta en enfermería es una de las formas para fomentar la reintegración del paciente a la sociedad, ya que nos proporciona una visión completa, rápida y veraz del estado de salud del paciente.

In 1984, there is the nursing discharge plan in the U.S. and this is included in the Medicare system, in order to reduce costs in the health system, so this quickly spread to Europe and Latin America. In Mexico there are few studies on the Nursing discharge plan, so it is necessary to evaluate the significance and impact of the implementation. material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative, in a tertiary hospital. The study population consisted of nurses with bachelor’s morning shift. The survey instrument was divided into four sections (general information, preparation and content of the plan and the impact of its applicability. Results: The plan’s recommendations focus on high.

Prácticas de estimulación y promoción del desarrollo infantil en la etnia Mayo / Stimulation practices and promotion of child development in Maya ethnicity

En este estudio se identificaron las características de las prácticas de estimulación y promoción del desarrollo en una comunidad indígena Mayo del estado de Sonora y Sinaloa en el noroeste de México. Se evaluaron dos grupos de 50 madres cada uno: un primer grupo que llamaremos de resistencia étnica, hablaba la lengua mayo a sus hijos y participaba en un programa educativo no escolarizado cuyo objeto es estimular el desarrollo. Un segundo grupo de madres que llamaremos de asimilación étnica, no hablaba la lengua mayo y no pertenecía al programa educativo. Se realizó mediante la aplicación de entrevistas a las madres y con escalas de desarrollo psicológico para niños de 0 y 5 años de edad. Los resultados indican que la población no hablante y sin educación inicial (asimilación étnica) presenta baja frecuencia en el rango de problemas en el desarrollo y estimulación del niño en el hogar, comparado con la población hablante y con educación inicial (resistencia étnica). Se concluye en términos de un modelo intercultural de educación inicial para población indígena.

In this study the characteristics of stimulation practices and developmental practices in an indigenous Maya community from the state of Sonora and Sinaloa in the northwestern part of Mexico have been evaluated. Two groups of 50 mothers each: the first group, which we will call ethnic resistance, spoke the Mayan language to their children and participated in a non-schooled educational program of development stimulation. A second group of mothers which we will call ethnic assimilation did not speak the Mayan language and didn't belong to the initial educational program. It was accomplished by the application of interviews to mothers with the scales of psychological development for children ranging from 0 to 5 years of age. The results indicate that the non-speaking population and without the initial education (ethnic assimilation) present low frequency in the range of developmental problems and home stimulation of the child, compared to the speaking populations and with initial education (ethnic resistance). We conclude for an intercultural model of initial education for an indigenous population.

La práctica enfermera durante la Revolución Mexicana (1910-1920) / The practice of nursing during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)

Resumen

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de dar a conocer la evolución de la profesión de enfermería durante la época de la Revolución Mexicana. La práctica enfermera se dio de dos formas: en la primera, la mujer brinda el cuidado de forma empírica a hijos, esposos, madres y heridos en del campo de batalla durante la revolución, son las llamadas “Adelitas o soldaderas”, por otra parte, con la inauguración de la primera escuela de enfermería se tuvo la oportunidad de formar personal para dar cuidados específicos de la práctica de enfermería en esa época.

Summary

This work was conducted with the aim of raising awareness of the evolution of the nursing profession during the time of the Mexican Revolution. The practice of nursing was in two forms: first, the woman provides care in an empirical way to sons, husbands, mothers and wounded soldiers in the battlefield of the revolution, called "Adelitas or soldaderas" and the other with the opening of the first school of nursing. The staff had the objective to structure an advance program tha allowed special care of the practice of nursing according with the time.

Autoconceito em uma população do nordeste brasileiro / Scale validation of self-concept in northeast brazilians

A partir da escala de autoconceito para população mexicana de La Rosa (1986); Valdez e Reyes, (1992) e Reyes, (1995), desenvolveu-se um estudo que objetivou analisar as propriedades psicométricas da escala para avaliar auto-conceito em habitantes da Paraíba-Brasil. A amostra foi de 600 pessoas divididas igualmente por sexo e idade. A análise fatorial dos itens de valência positivo indicou que as dimensões social-expressiva, sentimentos interindividuais e social-instrumental apresentaram os maiores valores que explicam 66.05 por cento da variância total, com um alfa de .98. Na análise fatorial dos itens de valência negativa, os fatores que apresentaram valores próprios maiores que 1, forma sociabilidade expressiva, sentimentos interindividuais e sociabilidade instrumental que explicaram 48,69 por cento da variância total com consistência interna de .75. O autoconceito está relacionado com o comportamento social expressivo do paraibano, sendo fundamental para explicar a definição de autoconceito na população do nordeste brasileiro