RESUMEN
The molluscicidal activity of Hammada scoparia leaf extracts and the principal alkaloids isolated from them (carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline) were tested against the mollusc gastropod, Galba truncatula, the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Tunisia. The results indicated that the molluscicidal activity was correlated with the presence of alkaloids. A significant molluscicidal value, according to the World Health Organization, was found with the methanol extract (LC50 = 28.93 ppm). Further fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two principal alkaloids: carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline. These alkaloids are isoquinolines that have not previously been characterised for their molluscicidal activity. The N-methylisosalsoline possesses the highest molluscicidal activity (LC50 = 0.47 ìM against G. truncatula).
Asunto(s)
Animales , Alcaloides , Isoquinolinas , Moluscocidas , Extractos Vegetales , Plantas Medicinales , Caracoles/efectos de los fármacos , Alcaloides/clasificación , Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Isoquinolinas/clasificación , Isoquinolinas/aislamiento & purificación , Moluscocidas/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Plantas Medicinales/químicaRESUMEN
Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective portant sur 30573 examens parasitologiques des selles (EPS) et 5844 scotch-tests realises au laboratoire de parasitologie- mycologie du C.H.U de Sfax (Tunisie) entre 1997 et 2006. 26;6des EPS ont ete positifs dont le tiers chez des enfants. Les protozoaires representaient 96.5des parasites isoles: les flagelles (54;3) sont domines par Dientamaeba fragilis (30;3) et Giardia lamblia (17). Les amibes representaient 41;9avec E.histolytica / E.dispar dans 2.2. Parmi les coccidies; Cryptosporidium parvum a ete diagnostique dans 17 cas; Microsporidium sp (2 presentant une infection a VIH) et Isospora belli (1 cas). Les helminthes (3;5) sont representes par Enterobius vermicularis (49); Hymenolepis nana (31;4); Strongyloides stercoralis (0;3); Taenia saginata (0;3) et Ancylostoma duodenale (1 cas)