Recent concepts of imaging of renal swellings in pediatric age group

This study included 20 children [12 males and 8 females] with swellings, aged from 1 month to 13 years. They were studied at Al- Azhar University Hospital, in the period from April 1990 to August 1993. All cases were subjected to ultrasonic examination. Sonographic findings were compared with results of other diagnostic modalities, including CT, conventional radiology, operative and histopathological diagnosis. The results of this study showed that ultrasound must be the first choice in neonates and children with palpable flank or abdominal swelling. It had a specific diagnosis, so that no further evaluation was necessary in most cases. It is an excellent screening examination for suspected urinary tract obstruction with sensitivity of 93%. In cases of hydronephrosis, excretory urography should be done to confirm the diagnosis, reveals the nature of obstruction and to assess the function of involved kidney

role of tea drinking in infants anemia

To evaluate the effect of tea drinking on the occurrence of microcytic anemia in infants, 98 healthy infants who underwent routine blood counts at the age of 6-12 months were studied. An overall high frequency of anemia [Hb < 11 gm/dl-83.7%], microcytosis [MCV < 70 mu3-14.3%] and microcytic anemia [14.3%] was found in the whole group. The percentage of tea drinking infants with microcytic anemia [19.4%] was significantly higher than that of the non-tea drinkers [5.6%]. The daily amount of tea drinking was 40-500 ml [median = 150 ml]. The tea drinkers had significantly lower mean level of hemoglobin [9.5 or - 0.8 gm/dl] than that of the non-tea drinkers [10.6 or - 1.3 gm/dl], and significantly lower mean level of mean corpuscular volume [72.6 or - 4.3 mum3] than that of the non-tea drinkers [81.6 or - 9.9 mum3]. Based on these findings, giving tea to infants is not recommended, however, giving foods rich in vitamin C should be encouraged