Effects of different combinations of N, P and K at different time interval on vegetative, reproductive, yield and quality traits of mango (Mangifera Indica. L) cv. Dusehri / Efeitos de diferentes combinações de N, P e K em diferentes intervalos nas características vegetativas, reprodutivas, produtivas e de qualidade da manga (Mangifera indica. L) cv. Dusehri

The experiment was carried out on mango cv. Dusehri to investigate the effect of N, P and K fertilizers on vegetative, reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality. Eight different fertilizer combinations such as T1 (control), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) and T8 (NPK) were used. Individual or combine fertilizer application of N (1000 g), P (750 g) and K (750 g) were applied during growing season in February and August. All the treatments significantly influenced on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and other physiochemical attributes of mango as compared to control. Least effect was observed with individual fertilizer application while combine fertilizer treatments enhanced most of the investigated parameters. Especially, qualitative traits showed non significant differences between treated and untreated mango trees. However, among the different treatments T8 (NPK) showed significance for fruiting aspects such as maximum size of growth flushes (177.51 mm), total number of panicles/tree (845), total number of flowers/panicle (974), sex ratio (69.18%), fruit retention (13.85%), total number of fruits/tree (379), yield (82 kg/tree), fruit weight (197.5 g), pulp weight (135.5 g) and physiochemical parameters namely TSS (24.53), Vit. C (57.63 mg/100 mL) and total sugar (20.84%). In general, combine application of NPK (T8) were the most effective in enhancing fruiting aspects, yield, physiochemical characteristics as well as improved fruit quality of mango trees.

O experimento foi realizado em manga cv. Dusehri para investigar o efeito dos fertilizantes N, P e K no crescimento vegetativo, reprodutivo, produtividade e de qualidade do fruto. Foram utilizadas oito combinações diferentes de fertilizantes: T1 (controle), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) e T8 (NPK). Cada tratamento de N(1.000 g), P (750 g) e K (750 g) foi aplicado duas vezes durante a estação de crescimento em fevereiro e agosto. Todos os tratamentos influenciaram significativamente o crescimento vegetativo, floração, frutificação, produtividade e outros atributos físico-químicos da manga em relação ao controle. Menos efeito foi observado com a aplicação individual de fertilizante, enquanto os tratamentos combinados aumentaram a maioria dos parâmetros investigados. Especialmente as características qualitativas mostraram diferenças não significativas entre mangueiras tratadas e não tratadas. No entanto, entre os diferentes tratamentos, T8 (NPK) apresentou significância para aspectos de frutificação, como tamanho máximo de folgas de crescimento (177,51 mm), número total de panículas/árvore (845), número total de flores/panícula (974), razão sexual (69,18%), retenção de frutos (13,85%), número total de frutos/árvore (379), produção (82 kg/árvore), peso do fruto (197,5 g) e peso da polpa (135,5 g), além de parâmetros físico-químicos, como TSS (24,53), vitamina C (57,63 mg/100 mL) e açúcar total (20,84%). Em geral, a aplicação combinada de NPK (T8) foi a mais eficaz no aprimoramento dos aspectos de frutificação, produtividade, características físico-químicas, além da melhoria da qualidade dos frutos das mangueiras.

Effects of different combinations of N, P and K at different time interval on vegetative, reproductive, yield and quality traits of mango (Mangifera Indica. L) cv. Dusehri

Abstract The experiment was carried out on mango cv. Dusehri to investigate the effect of N, P and K fertilizers on vegetative, reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality. Eight different fertilizer combinations such as T1 (control), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) and T8 (NPK) were used. Individual or combine fertilizer application of N (1000 g), P (750 g) and K (750 g) were applied during growing season in February and August. All the treatments significantly influenced on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and other physiochemical attributes of mango as compared to control. Least effect was observed with individual fertilizer application while combine fertilizer treatments enhanced most of the investigated parameters. Especially, qualitative traits showed non-significant differences between treated and untreated mango trees. However, among the different treatments T8 (NPK) showed significance for fruiting aspects such as maximum size of growth flushes (177.51 mm), total number of panicles/tree (845), total number of flowers/panicle (974), sex ratio (69.18%), fruit retention (13.85%), total number of fruits/tree (379), yield (82 kg/tree), fruit weight (197.5 g), pulp weight (135.5 g) and physiochemical parameters namely TSS (24.53), Vit. C (57.63 mg/100 mL) and total sugar (20.84%). In general, combine application of NPK (T8) were the most effective in enhancing fruiting aspects, yield, physiochemical characteristics as well as improved fruit quality of mango trees.

Resumo O experimento foi realizado em manga cv. Dusehri para investigar o efeito dos fertilizantes N, P e K no crescimento vegetativo, reprodutivo, produtividade e de qualidade do fruto. Foram utilizadas oito combinações diferentes de fertilizantes: T1 (controle), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) e T8 (NPK). Cada tratamento de N (1.000 g), P (750 g) e K (750 g) foi aplicado duas vezes durante a estação de crescimento em fevereiro e agosto. Todos os tratamentos influenciaram significativamente o crescimento vegetativo, floração, frutificação, produtividade e outros atributos físico-químicos da manga em relação ao controle. Menos efeito foi observado com a aplicação individual de fertilizante, enquanto os tratamentos combinados aumentaram a maioria dos parâmetros investigados. Especialmente as características qualitativas mostraram diferenças não significativas entre mangueiras tratadas e não tratadas. No entanto, entre os diferentes tratamentos, T8 (NPK) apresentou significância para aspectos de frutificação, como tamanho máximo de folgas de crescimento (177,51 mm), número total de panículas/árvore (845), número total de flores/panícula (974), razão sexual (69,18%), retenção de frutos (13,85%), número total de frutos/árvore (379), produção (82 kg/árvore), peso do fruto (197,5 g) e peso da polpa (135,5 g), além de parâmetros físico-químicos, como TSS (24,53), vitamina C (57,63 mg/100 mL) e açúcar total (20,84%). Em geral, a aplicação combinada de NPK (T8) foi a mais eficaz no aprimoramento dos aspectos de frutificação, produtividade, características físico-químicas, além da melhoria da qualidade dos frutos das mangueiras.

Effects of different combinations of N, P and K at different time interval on vegetative, reproductive, yield and quality traits of mango (Mangifera Indica. L) cv. Dusehri / Efeitos de diferentes combinações de N, P e K em diferentes intervalos nas características vegetativas, reprodutivas, produtivas e de qualidade da manga (Mangifera indica. L) cv. Dusehri

The experiment was carried out on mango cv. Dusehri to investigate the effect of N, P and K fertilizers on vegetative, reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality. Eight different fertilizer combinations such as T1 (control), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) and T8 (NPK) were used. Individual or combine fertilizer application of N (1000 g), P (750 g) and K (750 g) were applied during growing season in February and August. All the treatments significantly influenced on vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and other physiochemical attributes of mango as compared to control. Least effect was observed with individual fertilizer application while combine fertilizer treatments enhanced most of the investigated parameters. Especially, qualitative traits showed nonsignificant differences between treated and untreated mango trees. However, among the different treatments T8 (NPK) showed significance for fruiting aspects such as maximum size of growth flushes (177.51 mm), total number of panicles/tree (845), total number of flowers/panicle (974), sex ratio (69.18%), fruit retention (13.85%), total number of fruits/tree (379), yield (82 kg/tree), fruit weight (197.5 g), pulp weight (135.5 g) and physiochemical parameters namely TSS (24.53), Vit. C (57.63 mg/100 mL) and total sugar (20.84%). In general, combine application of NPK (T8) were the most effective in enhancing fruiting aspects, yield, physiochemical characteristics as well as improved fruit quality of mango trees.

O experimento foi realizado em manga cv. Dusehri para investigar o efeito dos fertilizantes N, P e K no crescimento vegetativo, reprodutivo, produtividade e de qualidade do fruto. Foram utilizadas oito combinações diferentes de fertilizantes: T1 (controle), T2 (N), T3 (P), T4 (K), T5 (NP), T6 (NK), T7 (PK) e T8 (NPK). Cada tratamento de N (1.000 g), P (750 g) e K (750 g) foi aplicado duas vezes durante a estação de crescimento em fevereiro e agosto. Todos os tratamentos influenciaram significativamente o crescimento vegetativo, floração, frutificação, produtividade e outros atributos físico-químicos da manga em relação ao controle. Menos efeito foi observado com a aplicação individual de fertilizante, enquanto os tratamentos combinados aumentaram a maioria dos parâmetros investigados. Especialmente as características qualitativas mostraram diferenças não significativas entre mangueiras tratadas e não tratadas. No entanto, entre os diferentes tratamentos, T8 (NPK) apresentou significância para aspectos de frutificação, como tamanho máximo de folgas de crescimento (177,51 mm), número total de panículas/árvore (845), número total de flores/panícula (974), razão sexual (69,18%), retenção de frutos (13,85%), número total de frutos/árvore (379), produção (82 kg/árvore), peso do fruto (197,5 g) e peso da polpa (135,5 g), além de parâmetros físico-químicos, como TSS (24,53), vitamina C (57,63 mg/100 mL) e açúcar total (20,84%). Em geral, a aplicação combinada de NPK (T8) foi a mais eficaz no aprimoramento dos aspectos de frutificação, produtividade, características físico-químicas, além da melhoria da qualidade dos frutos das mangueiras.

Evaluation of knowledge and perception regarding pneumonia among the mothers of under-ten children in Tangail, Bangladesh

Background:Childhood pneumonia is a serious infection and the singlelargestinfectious cause of death inchildren. The study aims to evaluate knowledge and perception among mothers on pneumonia diseases among the children. Methods:A hospital based study was conducted to describe socio-demographic factors of mothers, theirknowledge and perception of pneumonia disease. Study was conducted at Sheikh Hasina Medical College Hospital in Tangail from June to July 2018 by interviewing215mothers of children under-ten years attending a pediatric clinic by using structured questionnaire.Results:The parents were predominantly primary school graduates (70.7%). The majority of the father worked as daily laborer (61.9%) with about 5-10K BDTof family income per month. Around 88.4% of the mothers had fair knowledge about pneumonia. For children treatment, 90.2% parents consulted with qualified doctor, about 10% utilized self-medication.About 44.7% children were suffered from fever during pneumonia, about 42.8% was experienced shortness of breath,and about 28.4% experienced of wheezing.About 90.2% parents believed that theindoor temperature, humidity and air movement has effect on pneumonia. About 92.6% cares of reducing indoor smoke and dust, about 40.5% families have a smoker.The lack of knowledge among mothers about simple signs and symptoms of pneumonia and also aboutits causes and factors related with it has become important findings of this study.Conclusions:Community based public health education and training for health providers at all levels have to be provided about correct and applicable prevention and assessments of pneumonia.

Alarming resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a tertiary care hospital of North India

Background: This study attempted to elucidate the spectrum of sexually transmitted infections in a tertiary care centre in North India and to assess the antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial resistance pattern of N. gonorrhoeae was determined by the standard techniques. Genotypic detection of gyrA, parC and blaTEM genes was also carried out. The results of gyrA gene by polymerase chain reaction were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results: N. gonorrhoea was identified in 10 (4.98%) patients, and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed in seven patients. All the seven patients tested were quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG), 5/7 were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae, 1/7 was chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae and 3/7 were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by E-test was performed in five strains, and we observed that MIC90 for ciprofloxacin was ?4 ?g/ml, for penicillin was ?6 ?g/ml and for tetracycline was 12 ?g/ml, which clearly brackets them as resistant isolates. The presence of TEM gene was confirmed genotypically in six out of seven cases. In all seven cases, gyrA and parC were observed, thus confirming their QRNG status. Conclusion: Alarming increase in the resistance to commonly used antimicrobials for gonorrhoea in our study, especially of fluoroquinolones, is a clarion call for the urgent need for prudence in prescribing them. Observing the rampant resistance exhibited by N. gonorrhoeae, it is clear that the day is not far when it will acquire a superbug status and become intractable to treatment by the available antibiotics.

Prevalence of scrub typhus in pyrexia of unknown origin and assessment of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma levels in scrub typhus-positive patients

Background: Scrub typhus is lesser known cause of fever of unknown origin in India. Even if there have been reports documenting the prevalence of scrub typhus in different parts of India, it is still an unknown entity, and clinicians usually do not consider it as differential diagnosis. The present study was performed to document the prevalence of scrub typhus among febrile patients in western part of Uttar Pradesh and to assess the clinical profile of infected patients on the one hand and knowledge, attitude, and practices among clinicians on the other. Materials and Methods: A total of 357 adult patients with fever of more than 5-day duration were recruited. All patients underwent complete physical examination, and detailed clinical history was elicited as per predesigned pro forma. After primary screening to rule out malaria, enteric fever, and leptospirosis infection, secondary screening for scrub typhus was done by rapid screen test and IgM ELISA. Results: Scrub typhus infection was positive in 91 (25.5%) cases. The most common symptoms among the patients were fever (100%), pain in abdomen (79.1%), pedal edema 56 (61.5%), rash 44 (48.3%), headache 44 (48.3%), vomiting 42 (46.1%), constipation 33 (36.2%), cough 28 (30.7%), and lymphadenopathy 20 (21.9%). The median values of interleukin-8, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy controls were 15.54 pg/ml, 7.77 pg/ml, and 54.1 pg/ml, respectively, while the median values of these cytokines in scrub typhus-positive patients were 21.04 pg/ml, 8.74 pg/ml, and 73.8 pg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Our results highlight that scrub typhus infection is an important cause of pyrexia of unknown origin, and active surveillance is necessary to assess the exact magnitude and distribution of the disease.

Articulation of speech of patients treated with radicular attachment assisted obturator following maxillectomy.

Background: Obturators are used to separate the oro-nasal opening. These improve speech and other oral functions as well as provide psychological support to the patients. Adding radicular attachments in an obturator makes more effective. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of obturator with radicular attachment and conventional obturator in articulation of speech. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients, age ranged from 18 to 72 years, with maxillectomy defect were selected as the sample of the study. Among them 25 patients were treated with obturator with radicular attachment and another 25 patients were treated with conventional obturator. After insertion of obturator, data were collected on the basis of articulation of speech. Results: Patients treated with obturator with radicular attachment showed significantly better (P value <0.001) articulation of speech. Conclusion: Obturator with radicular attachment is more effective than conventional obturator.

Impaired Renal Function is Associated with Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Chronic Stable Angina Patients.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in renal impaired patients. Many of the patients of chronic kidney disease die of cardiovascular disease before requiring dialysis. Cardiovascular disease in renal impaired patient is potentially preventable and treatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between renal impairment and coronary artery disease severity in chronic stable angina patients. Methods: 110 patients with chronic stable angina who got admitted for coronary angiography were included in the study. They were divided into impaired renal function group (with estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <90 ml/min/1.73m2) and normal renal function group (eGFR e” 90 ml/min/1.73m2) on the basis of eGFR. The severity of the CAD was assessed by angiographic Vessel score and Gensini score. Results: Mean Gensini score was significantly high in impaired renal function group (42.30±24.9 vs 25.65±17.9, p <0.05). There was significant negative correlation between eGFR and vessel score (r=-0.30, p <0.05) and between eGFR and Gensini score (r =-0.65, P <0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment of factors eGFR remain independent predictors of severe CAD (P=0.002, OR -5.73). Conclusion: Impaired renal function, assessed by eGFR is associated with angiographic severe coronary artery disease in chronic stable angina patients and this association is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

Histopathological study of hysterectomy operations in a university clinic in Tehran from 2005 to 2009

We intended to determine causes and histological pattern of hysterectomies in an Iranian population. Archived reports of pathology department of a university hospital dated March 2005 to March 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, chief complaint, type of operation including abdominal, vaginal and subtotal hysterectomy, the indication of the operation and the pathology of the specimen were retrieved from the records. The average rate of hysterectomy was 219 per year. The average age of the patients was 49.6 +/- 11.3. About 40% of cases aged 45-54 years. The main chief compliant was abnormal uterine bleeding [62.2%]. The leading preoperative indication for hysterectomy operations were uterine leiomyoma [24.8%] and then abnormal uterine bleeding and abdominal/pelvic mass. The most frequent pathologic findings were leiomyoma [22.0%] and adenomyosis [12.1%]. In 11.8% of hysterectomy specimens no pathologic lesion was found. The hysterectomy is rather common in Iran with age dependent pattern of indications and corresponding pathologies

Efficacy and Safety of Fluvastatin Sodium XL 80mg in Treatment of Hypercholesterolemic Patient with Risk Factor of Cardiovascular Disease.

Back ground: Reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk through the modification of risk factors has a strong effect on clinical practice. The introduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) has significantly advanced the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and in reduction of cardiovascular events and total mortality rates. Among the available statins, Fluvastatin is a newer, synthetic, second generation, potent lipid lowering agent and widely accepted in diverse population. However the safety profile and efficacy was not assessed in Bangladeshi population, a population significantly different from Caucasian population where most studies were done. Current study aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of fluvastatin in the specified population. Methods: The study is an open-label, multicenter, quasi experimental study conducted among 162 adult patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia. After through baseline evaluation, the patients were given with Fluvastatin 80 mg once daily for 3 months. All the patients were assessed twice, before and after treatment. Data on demography, of relevant medical history and of physical examination were collected in the both the visit along with data on relevant lipid parameters (Total Cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) were collected at final visit. Safety was assessed by evaluating adverse events, as well as laboratory abnormalities, including liver aminotransferases. Results: Serum total cholesterol was found to be significantly reduced and across two assessments the reduction was 51.2 units (P<.001). Average reduction in LDL-cholesterol was around 40 units (P<.001). Most significant reduction (140.0±305.8 units) was seen in serum LDL cholesterol (P<.001). However; no statistically significant reduction was seen in HLD cholesterol. Safety of fluvastatin was assessed by evaluating the adverse events, as well as through laboratory abnormalities, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Comparison of aminotransferase level was done before and after treatment through paired t test, Neither ALT nor the AST showed statistically significant rise after 3 months treatment of fluvastatin (P>.05). Out of 162 study participant 4.3% had their treatment interrupted, of which 1 (0.62%) had to cease treatment due to lack of efficacy, 1 (0.62%) experienced adverse event, 2 (1.24%) didn’t return to follow-up and 3 (1.86%) patients requested their physician to cease the treatment. Conclusion: Three month treatment with Fluvastatin XL 80 mg reduces most of lipid parameter of lipid profile (Total cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL) significantly. The drug is found to be well tolerated with minimal adverse event during the course of treatmen

Male urethral cancer.

A 55 years old man presented with long standing voiding obstructive symptoms like poor stream, frequency of micturition, straining at micturition and a sense of incomplete evaluation since 2002. He was clinically diagnosed a case of stricture urethra. Later he developed a swelling in the penoscrotal region with retention of urine in March 2005 and was treated by dilatation. But on removal of the catheter he developed retention again for several times and ultimately for gross periurethral sepsis, urinary diversion was required in May 2005. In October 2005, biopsy from the scrotal abscess wall established the diagnosis of urethral carcinoma. In November 2005 extensive penoscrotectomy was done followed by chemo-radiotherapy. But the prognosis was so bad that the patient died in November 2006. Urethral carcinoma is a rare disease diagnosed in the department of urology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, the prognosis of which is also poor even after extensive operations.

Chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus in Bangladesh: a comparative analysis of HBV-DNA, HBeAg/anti-HBe, and liver function tests.

Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), liver function tests and quantitative estimation of HBV-DNA are important in the assessment of the state of infection and prognosis following treatment for hepatitis B. This study aimed to determine whether low-cost assays, eg hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and liver function tests, could be used for the assessment of infectivity as an alternative to HBV-DNA estimation. We tested 125 hepatitis B carriers for HBeAg, antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), and serum HBV-DNA; we also carried out a range of standard liver function tests. Seventy-three subjects were positive and 52 were negative for HBeAg. Of the HBeAg positive cases, 3 were also positive for anti-HBe; of the HBeAg negative cases, 5 were also negative for anti-HBe. Of these 8 cases, 7 had no detectable HBV-DNA. Most of the HBeAg positive but anti-HBe negative subjects were positive for HBV-DNA (74.3%; 52/ 70) whereas most of the HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive subjects (93.6%; 44/47) were also negative for HBV-DNA. Of 56 HBV-DNA positive individuals, alanine transaminase (ALT) was found to be raised in 69.6% (p=0.066) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was raised in 66.1% (p=0.011), while 67.9% had normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p=0.054). HBeAg (p=0.018) and raised ALT (p=0.008) were found to be independent predictors for HBV-DNA positivity among HBV carriers. This study suggests that HBeAg positive and anti-HBe negative hepatitis B carriers with raised ALT and AST are likely to be positive for HBV-DNA; the combination of routine serology and biochemical tests may be considered as an alternative to HBV-DNA in evaluating the state of chronic HBV infection. However, HBV-DNA should be specifically assessed if discordance is observed between seromarkers and transaminases.

Prevalence of infectious diseases and drug abuse among Bangladeshi workers.

Individuals seeking jobs abroad need health fitness certificates before entering into those countries. Medical screening of 43,213 Bangladeshi job seekers (M/F: 42,290/923) was carried out in our reference center during the period August, 1994 to May, 1996. Albeit male predominance, they represented middle and lower middle socio-economic class of the population from all over the country. All were young adults (age: 27.05+/-3.56 years; mean+/-SD) applying for job visas to different Asian countries. Physical examination and laboratory investigations including markers for several infectious diseases and drugs of abuse were carried out as required by countries recruiting the workers. Serological tests revealed that 1,884 (4.4%) of individuals were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 737 (1.7%) for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) and only 83 (0.2%) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). However, we could not confirm any case of infection with HIV. Chest X-ray suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 162 (0.4%) and on blood film, malarial parasites could be observed only in 4 cases. Their urine analysis revealed the presence of opiates or cannabinoids in 471 (1.1%) individuals. HBsAg-positive cases (p = 0.003) and abuse of opiates (p = 0.024) or cannabinoids (p = 0.002) were significantly higher among males. TPHA reactivity and chest X-ray suggestive of tuberculosis were found to be higher among opiates (p = 0.002 and 0.027) and cannabinoids (p = 0.000 for both) abused as well as with increasing age (p = 0.000). These results may represent a cross-sectional view of the prevalence of different infectious diseases and abuse of drugs among the young adult population of Bangladesh.

Cerebral infarction in infants and children: clinical features, CT and EEG findings.

In a retrospective study, medical records of twenty one infants and children who were diagnosed for cerebrovascular disease, were analysed. Patients with history of head injury, brain tumor and intracranial infections were excluded from the study. Age ranged between six weeks and 12 years. Fourteen were boys and 7 girls. Ten patients (47%) had known underlying risk factor. Hemiparesis and seizures were commonest presenting features as well as long term neurological sequelae in survivors. CT scan was abnormal in all patients whereas, EEG was abnormal in 90% with 76% lateralizing effect.