Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma with bilateral sarcomatous change

A 54-year-old man presented to the nephrology clinic with three months history of hematuria, weight loss and loss of appetite. Radiological and pathological investigations pointed to the diagnosis of multiple bilateral renal angiomyolipomas with bilateral high grade sarcomatuos transformation and lung metastasis, and with no manifestations of tuberous sclerosis. This is the first reported case of bilateral renal angiomyolipomas with multiple sarcomatous changes

Intracranial meningioma

Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumor, accounting for 15-30% of all primary intracranial tumors. They are usually diagnosed between 40-60 years and they are more common in females, but the aggressive type is more common in men and children. Pathologically, Meningiomas are divided into three grades: 1-Benign [90%] 2-Atypical [5-7%] 3-Anaplastic [3-5%]. The gross appearance of Meningioma is usually globular mass with regular surfaces and attached to the dura, but there is a certain type called meningioma en plaque, has a flattened appearance that conforms to the curves of the brain and the inside of the skull. Studying the immunohistochemistry and the biological activity of this tumor showed the presence of Epithelial Membrane Antigen [EMA] in 80% of cases, in addition to the presence of progesterone receptors in 57- 67% of cases which is associated with a good histological grade, lower frequency of recurrence, and overall favourable prognosis. Many causes are thought to be associated with meningioma like trauma, viral infection, radiation and genetic factors. The signs and symptoms are variable, and some of them are specific to the location of the tumor. The diagnosis of meningioma is done by CT scan and MRI, in addition to nuclear imaging and MRSpectroscopy. In many cases, angiography is also done either conventional or via MRAngiography. The treatment methods depend on the size and site of tumor, patient's age and clinical presentation starting by clinical observation and ending by surgical management. This article will discuss all of the above in detail with review of the medical literature

Review of imaging of the parathyroid gland in health and disease

Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by a single parathyroid adenoma and it is progressively diagnosed worldwide. The recent advancement of imaging techniques changed the surgical approach of primary hyperparathyroidism patients, from wide traditional bilateral neck exploration to limited neck exploration. Pre-operative imaging is vital in localizing ectopic adenoma to lucid the map before surgical resection The manuscript at hand is a comprehensive review of the primary hyperparathyroidism covering anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological basics, to the most recent imaging modalities and their respective tasks in patient management

Isolated neurosarcoidosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology with a rare tendency to the nervous system. Isolated neurosarcoidosis is rare and difficult to be diagnosed clinically. A 53-year-old Jordanian male admitted to Jordan University Hospital with a history of urine retention, low back pain and feet parasthesia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral enlargement of certain cranial nerves and meningeal masses. Magnetic resonance imaging of the whole spine revealed meningeal and lumbar nerves thickening