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Background: Acute Kidney Injury is a common condition in critically ill children, and it is independently associated with increased mortality. Etiology of AKI in admitted patients is multi factorial. The present study was conducted to determine possible etiologies and to know short term outcome.Methods: A prospective case series study was conducted in our PICU from Nov 2014 to October 2015. The cases fulfilling criteria as AKI, as per definition were included in study. The urine output was monitored, base line blood urea and serum creatinine was estimated at admission and on alternate days till recovery. Investigations were done to know exact etiology of prerenal, renal or post renal AKI. Cases were managed accordingly and short term outcome was noted.Results: Out of 150 cases studied, 87(58%) were boys and 63(42%) were girls.' Ninety three cases (62%) had oliguria and remaining patients had non-oliguric AKI. Majority of cases in the study belonged to prerenal AKI, followed by renal and post renal AKI. Amongst 150 cases,136 children managed conservatively,11 cases required hemodialysis and 3 cases peritoneal dialysis. In our study, 16 cases succumbed with mortality of 10.66%.Conclusion: AKI is common associated condition in children admitted to PICU. AKI is commonly seen with acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration, sepsis, glomerulonephritis and dengue shock syndrome. Most of these conditions are easily preventable. Early and effective management of hypovolemic shock and sepsis is also crucial in prevention of AKI.
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Background: Snake bite is one of the important health problems in tropical and sub-tropical countries including India. Most snake bites present without envenomation as most bites are usually due to non-poisonous snakes and even poisonous snakes can control amount of venom injected. Even though mortality is under reported, India accounts for most of deaths due to snake bite.Methods: A hospital based descriptive case study was conducted at Pediatric ward of VIMS Ballari. All children with definite history of snake bite with fang marks or features of local/systemic envenomation were included in study. Demographic parameters, symptomatology and complications were noted down as per pro forma and data was analyzed.Results: Most bites occurred in lower limbs in older children while playing outdoors. Most cases were from rural area. Majority presented with local toxicity followed by hemotoxicity and neuroparalysis. Two children died, one because of respiratory paralysis and other by acute kidney injury.Conclusions: Snake bite is a preventable health problem. By wearing protective shoes and avoiding outdoor sleep many snake bites can be avoided. Early, aggressive but judicious use of antisnake venom is a cornerstone of management.
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Natural products continue to play an important role in the discovery and development of new pharmaceuticals. Several chemical compounds have been extracted and identified from its species known as Lantana camara (L .camara). The present study was designed for phytochemical analysis of L. camara and extraction of bioactive compound by HPLC. This also included the antimicrobial activity of the bio active compound obtained by crude extract and the column extract. The study showed the presence of the bioactive component parthenin extracted from the HPLC analysis at a peak height of 10.3807 and it was showing antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and E. fecalis, crude (6.8 to 8.1 mm ) and column (4.0 to 6.2 mm) zone of inhibition.