Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and drug utilization review at secondary care hospital in South India

Background: To study prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and drug utilization review in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted for about 6 months from December 2021 to February 2021 in a Secondary care hospital. Prescriptions of 167 patients with cardiovascular diseases were analysed. Patient Case files were used for extracting necessary data. Results: The collected data was analyzed by MS-Excel (Counts and Percentages).Cardiovascular diseases were most common in the age group of 31-40 years (27.55%) followed by 51-60 years (24.49%) among male patients and in female patients, it was more common in the age group of 41-50 years (23.19%) followed by 51-60 years (21.74%). Most prevalent cardiovascular disease was found to be Hypertension (31%), followed by coronary artery disease (21%) and acute coronary syndrome (19%). Diabetes Mellitus (39%) and Hematological disorders (20%) are the most found co-morbidities along with cardiovascular diseases. Antiplatelet and antihypertensive were the most prescribed category of drugs. Of all Cardiovascular drugs, Aspirin (115 prescriptions) followed by Clopidogrel (100 prescriptions), Atorvastatin (73 prescriptions), Olmesartan (54 prescriptions) and Metoprolol (49 cases) were mostly prescribed. Common combinations of drugs prescribed are Aspirin + Clopidogrel + Atorvastatin (25%) followed by Aspirin + Clopidogrel (24%). Out of the total 658 drugs prescribed, 15.95% (105) were from Essential Drug List of India (2011). Of the total drugs prescribed, 15.95% (105) were from Essential Drug List of India. Conclusions: The present study concluded that most of the drugs were prescribed rationally according to current guidelines. Combination therapy found to have an implication for the good cardiovascular outcome on long term follow-up.

Adrenergic receptor ß3 is involved in the memory consolidation process in mice

Attention and emotion have a positive impact on memory formation, which is related to the activation of the noradrenergic system in the brain. The hippocampus and amygdala are fundamental structures in memory acquisition, which is modulated by noradrenaline through the noradrenergic receptors. Pharmacological studies suggest that memory acquisition depends on the action of both the β3 (β3-AR) and β2 (β2-AR) receptor subtypes. However, the use of animal models with specific knockout for the β3-AR receptor only (β3-ARKO) allows researchers to more accurately assess its role in memory formation processes. In the present study, we evaluated short- and long-term memory acquisition capacity in β3-ARKO mice and wild-type mice at approximately 60 days of age. The animals were submitted to the open field test, the elevated plus maze, object recognition, and social preference. The results showed that the absence of the β3-AR receptor caused no impairment in locomotion and did not cause anxious behavior, but it caused significant impairment of short- and long-term memory compared to wild-type animals. We also evaluated the expression of genes involved in memory consolidation. The mRNA levels for GLUT3, a glucose transporter expressed in the central nervous system, were significantly reduced in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus of the β3-ARKO animals. Our results showed that β3-AR was involved in the process of acquisition of declarative memory, and its action may be due to the facilitation of glucose absorption in the amygdala.

Efeito do uso de lente escleral cosmética na sensibilidade tátil corneal em phthisis bulbi / Effect of ocular prosthesis on cornea sensitivity in phthisis bulbi

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a sensibilidade tátil corneal entre olhos normais e aqueles com phthisis bulbi e avaliar as alterações provocadas na sensibilidade tátil corneal pelo uso de lente escleral cosmética em phthisis bulbi. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 23 pacientes com phthisis bulbi unilateral. Foram realizadas medidas da sensibilidade tátil corneal em ambos os olhos utilizando-se o estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet antes e após 3 meses do uso da lente escleral cosmética. RESULTADOS: Em todos os pacientes, a medida da sensibilidade tátil corneal no olho com phthisis bulbi foi menor do que no contralateral (controle). Em 96 por cento houve diminuição da sensibilidade tátil corneal após a adaptação da lente escleral cosmética. CONCLUSAO: Após a adaptação da lente escleral cosmética, ocorre diminuição da sensibilidade tátil corneal nos olhos. A fisiopatologia é semelhante à encontrada nos usuários de lentes de contato.

Ptose palpebral: estudo de 390 casos / Blepharoptosis: study of 390 cases

Foram examinados 390 pacientes com queixa de queda da pálpebra superior no setor de Plástica Ocular da Universidade de Säo Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, no período de janeiro 1985 a fevereiro 1995. Encontrou-se 68,9 por cento de ptose congênita, 22,8 por cento de ptose adquirida e 8,2 por cento de pseudoptose. Com relaçäo ao sexo, 54,8 por cento eram do sexo masculino e 45,1 por cento do sexo feminino. O estudo dos pacientes com ptose congênita mostrou: ambliopia em 5,9 por cento; fenômeno de Marcus Gunn em 5,3 por cento e síndrome de blefarofimose em 6,3 por cento. Alteraçäo na motilidade ocular extrínseca estava presente em 30 por cento dos casos de ptose congênita e 29 por ceneto de ptose adquirida. A alteraçäo palpebral mais comum foi o epicanto inverso. Os autores analisam as alteraçöes oculares e palpebrais associadas ao quadro de ptose palpebral

Complexo óculo-aurículo-vertebral (síndrome de Goldenhar): achados oculares em oito pacientes / Oculo auriculovertebral complex (Goldenhar's syndrome) ocular findings in 8 patients

Entre 1989 e 1994, foram estudados 8 pacientes com COAV (síndrome de Goldenhar) no setor de Plástico Ocular da Universidade Federal de Säo Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina. Cinco pacientes eram do sexo masculino e três do feminino. A idade variou de seis meses a 23 anos e sete pacientes eram da raça caucasiana e um da oriental. Todos os pacientes foram casos isolados na família. As duas alteraçöes mais frequentes foram dermóide epibulbar temporal inferior e coloboma da pálpebra superior, seguidos por simbléfaro, anomalias da musculatura extrínceca ocular e entrópio, que coincidem com os achados da literatura.