Esthetic perception of facial profile after treatment with the Thurow appliance

The objective of this article was to investigate the perception of esthetic changes in the facial profile of bilateral Class II patients treated with the Modified Thurow Appliance for extraoral treatment. Silhouettes were traced of profiles of patients who initially presented a bilateral Class II molar relationship and who, post-treatment, presented molars in a Class I relationship. Three groups were formed: the first composed of patients with maxillary protrusion (SNA >84°), the second with maxillary retrusion (SNA <80°), and the third with a well-positioned maxilla (SNA 80-84°). A panel of 200 lay evaluators judged the profile esthetics by a randomized drawing of the silhouettes. The multiple analysis results showed that the profile esthetic scores for the three positions of the maxilla were greatly influenced by significant interactions with the characteristics (like sex and age) of the evaluators: retrusive maxilla (Score *Age Group, p< 0.001), normal maxilla (Score *Sex, p= 0.024; Score *Age Group,p= 0.050) and protrusive maxilla (Score *Age Group,p< 0.001). It was observed that the profile of Class II patients with protrusion, normal relationship and retrusion of the maxilla, improved in their esthetic post-treatment result; however, the evaluators showed greater satisfaction with the groups of protrusion and normal position of the maxilla. The Modified Thurow Appliance provided significant improvements in the esthetics of the profile of patients who presented protrusion and normal position of the maxilla. However, its use was not the best treatment option for patients with maxillary retrusion.

Perceptions of brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial individuals with regard to the buccal corridor in different facial types

Objective: Evaluate the esthetic perception and attractiveness of the smile with regard to the buccal corridor in different facial types by brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial individuals. Material and Methods: The image of a smiling individual with a mesofacial type of face was changed to create three different facial types with five different buccal corridors (2%, 10%, 15%, 22% and 28%). To achieve this effect, a photo editing software was used (Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Systems Inc, San Francisco, CA, EUA). The images were submitted to evaluators with brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial types of faces, who evaluated the degree of esthetic perception and attractiveness by means of a visual analog scale measuring 70 mm. The differences between evaluators were verified by the Mann-Whitney test. All statistics were performed with a confidence level of 95%. Results: Brachyfacial individuals perceived mesofacial and dolichofacial types of faces with buccal corridor of 2% as more attractive. Mesofacial individuals perceived mesofacial and dolichofacial types of faces with buccal corridor of 2%, 10% and 15% as more attractive. Dolichofacial individuals perceived the mesofacial type of face with buccal corridor of 2% as more attractive. Evaluators of the female sex generally attributed higher scores than the male evaluators. Conclusion: To achieve an enhanced esthetic smile it is necessary to observe the patient’s facial type. The preference for narrow buccal corridors is an esthetic characteristic preferred by men and women, and wide buccal corridors are less attractive. .

Personalidade e resiliência como proteção contra o Burnout em médicos residentes / Personality and resilience as protection against Burnout in resident doctors

Residentes têm apresentado burnout em decorrência de fatores ambientais e pessoais, altamente estressores. Alguns indivíduos reagem positivamente a estes estressores, e a literatura sugere que as características de personalidade e a resiliência explicam o fenômeno. Assumimos que a resiliência é multifatorial e multidimensional, como na abordagem resiliente. OBJETIVO: Investigar se a resiliência, associada às características de personalidade, se correlaciona positivamente com baixos escores de burnout. MÉTODO: Estudo de seguimento com 121 residentes, utilizando ficha sociodemográfica, Inventário Fatorial de Personalidade (IFP), Escala de Resiliência de Wagnild & Young e o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTADOS: Burnout foi constatado nos domínios despersonalização em T1 (12,1) e T2 (13,9) (p = 0,004); exaustão emocional em T1 (26) e T2 (22,5) (p = 0,624) e baixa realização profissional em T1 (38,1) e T2 (35,5) (p = 0,001); forte resiliência foi encontrada em 63,6%. Aqueles com forte resiliência apresentaram menor burnout. Características de personalidade puderam ser associadas à resiliência. Constatou-se que a resiliência pode ser desenvolvida nos residentes como forma de proteção contra o burnout. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que a resiliência, associada às características de personalidade, se correlaciona positivamente com baixos escores de burnout.

Interns and residents have been showing signs of burnout as a result of highly stressful environmental and personal factors. Some individuals react positively to these stressful factors and literature suggests that resilience and personality characteristics can explain this sort of phenomenon. One can assume that resilience is multifactorial and multidimensional, such as in the resilience approach. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how resilience can be associated with personality characteristics that correlate in a positive way to low burnout scores. METHOD: A study sample of 121 hospital interns was surveyed using a social demographic form, a Factorial Personality Inventory (IFP), the Young & Wagnilg Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS: Burnout was observed in domains of depersonalization in T1 (12.1) and T2 (12.9) (p = 0.004); emotional exhaustion in T1 (26) and T2 (22.5) (p = 0.624) and low professional accomplishment in T1 (38.1) and T2 (35.5) (p = 0.001); strong resilience results were seen in 63.6% of the study sample. Those with strong resilience displayed less burnout. It was possible to correlate personality characteristics and resilience. Finally, it was found that resilience can be developed in interns as a form of protection against burnout. CONCLUSION: The verification of low burnout scores in this study was correlated positively to resilience and personality characteristics.