RESUMEN
Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) has been identified as a major pathogen in man, causing both opportunistic and nosocomial infections. Pseudomonas is a ubiquitous organism often isolated fromvarious surfaces, which have the ability to form biofilms, making it a unique organism of medical importance.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosaisolated from hospital sinks and their antibiotic resistance profile.Methods:Swab samples were collected from hospital sinksin five health care institutions and Short ResearchArticle inoculated unto Nutrient agar and sub cultured on cetrimide agar. Isolated P. aeruginosawere subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using CSLI guidelines.Results:Prevalence of Pseudomonas species isolated from the hospitals’ sinks was 56%. High level resistance was recorded against amoxicillin/clavunalate, ampicillin and ceftriaxone. Resistance profile of the isolates clustered into two main clades clade A and clade B, with clade A isolates recording a higher MARI score. Conclusion:Isolation of multi-resistant P. aeruginosafrom hospital sinks calls for improved hospital infection control practices. We advocate for inclusion of environmental surveillance, particularly of opportunistic pathogens in our hospitals
RESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the time interval between human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection and the first diagnosis among drug-naïve individuals in Badagry, Nigeria
Subjects and Methods: A sample of 213 subjects who tested HIV positive for the first time were enrolled in this study. The HIV diagnosis was performed using Startpak [registered] and Determine [registered] kits, and a CD4 count was carried out using a FACS Count [registered] flow cytometer. The mean CD4 values were determined by gender and age groups. The time interval between initial HIV infection and first testing was calculated based on the average CD4 decay rate per calendar year, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software
Results: At diagnosis, the mean CD4 values showed that females recorded 270 cells/micro l and males 244 cells/micro l. By age range, individuals <25 years recorded 437 cells/micro l, those between 25 and 40 years of age had 237 cells/micro l, and those aged >/= 41 years had 192 cells/micro l. There was a significant difference between CD4 cell categorization and age range [p < 0.001]. Subjects aged between 25 and 40 years recorded the highest distribution of all CD4 cell counts. The time interval between infection and testing for females was 8.1 years and for males 6.7 years. Within the age group <25 years the interval was 5.1 years, whilst it was 8.1 years for those aged >/= 41 years
Conclusion: Most of the population presented for testing during the advanced stages of infection. We suggest an upscaling of HIV voluntary counseling and testing to encourage early detection and better treatment outcomes