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Objective: To explore the expression of Netrin-1 protein in human renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and the relationships between Netrin-1, pathology and prognosis. Methods: 72 cases of RCCC admitted in our hospital from 2008 June to 2009 June and their adjacent tissues were selected for study. They included 30 cases in stage I-II, 42 cases in stage III-IV; 9 cases in grade I, 9 cases in grade II, 40 cases in grade III and 14 cases in grade IV. All cases were followed up for more than 5 years. Survival analysis lines were made by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between groups was tested by the Log-rank test. The expression of Netrin-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry staining and its clinical significance was analyzed. Results: Renal clear cell carcinoma: 51 cases in high expression of Netrin-1 and 21 cases in low expression, normal tissues: 12 cases in high expression of Netrin-1 and 60 cases in low expression, the difference between the two groups is significant (χ2=42.921, P2=8.000, χ2=6.203; P2=1.360, P=0.245). Conclusions: Netrin-1 protein plays an important role in the development of RCCC. It might be a new specific tumor marker of RCCC, and might become a new target in treatment of RCCC.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression of Netrin-1 protein in human renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and the relationships between Netrin-1, pathology and prognosis.@*METHODS@#72 cases of RCCC admitted in our hospital from 2008 June to 2009 June and their adjacent tissues were selected for study. They included 30 cases in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ, 42 cases in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ; 9 cases in grade Ⅰ, 9 cases in grade Ⅱ, 40 cases in grade Ⅲ and 14 cases in grade Ⅳ. All cases were followed up for more than 5 years. Survival analysis lines were made by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between groups was tested by the Log-rank test. The expression of Netrin-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry staining and its clinical significance was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Renal clear cell carcinoma: 51 cases in high expression of Netrin-1 and 21 cases in low expression, normal tissues: 12 cases in high expression of Netrin-1 and 60 cases in low expression, the difference between the two groups is significant (χ(2) = 42.921, P ＜ 0.01). The difference of the expression of Netrin-1in Fuhrman grade and AJCC clinical stage is significant (χ(2) = 8.000, χ(2) = 6.203; P＜0.05). The 5-year survival rate in low protein expression group and in high protein expression group was 79％ (17/21) and 62％ (32/51). The survival curve had different trend, with no significant difference between groups ((χ(2) = 1.360, P = 0.245).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Netrin-1 protein plays an important role in the development of RCCC. It might be a new specific tumor marker of RCCC, and might become a new target in treatment of RCCC.
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Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil, are the first-line drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Giving ED patients the opportunity to try all the three inhibitors can greatly improve the treatment compliance of the patient, whereas the majority of ED patients prefer one specific drug to the others, frequently tadalafil, irrespective of the severity and etiology of the disease, dosing sequence, age of the patient, or dose of medication. Female partners exhibit a similar preference for tadalafil, which has a significant impact on patients' choice. Due to a 36-hour action of tadalafil, patients are allowed to achieve erection within a flexible window of treatment, and not required to schedule the interval between dosing and sexual attempt. The simultaneously decreased time concern will improve the psychological well-being of ED patients and their interpersonal relationship with female partners. Partners who prefer tadalafil feel a return to relaxed and natural sexual activity and the overall improvement in quality of sexual life. The preference of patients and their partners for a specific PDE5 inhibitor should be considered for the purpose of prescription in clinical practice.