The analytical procedure for determination of Assay in finished product of Clofarabine Injection, 1mg/mL is an In-House procedure.

A new and stability-indicating High performance liquid chromatographymethod was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of clofarabine impurities in Injectionformulation.The Chromatographic system consisted of a Shimadzu Class VP Binary pump LC-10ATvp, SIL-10ADvp Auto sampler, CTO-10Avp Column Temperature Oven, SPD-10Avp UV-Visible Detector.The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines Apart from these Chromatographic parameters likeresolution, capacity factor, separation factor, column efficiency and peakasymmetry should also be the ideal for estimation.

Role of oral appliance in clinical management of obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction that occur during sleep, usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation. OSA syndrome is thought to affect 1 – 3% of children. OSA can be treated with continuous positive air pressure (CPAP), oral appliance (OAs) and surgical intervention depending on the condition. In this article role of oral appliance, types and guidelines of using OAs in clinical management of OSA in children will be discussed

Radical nephrectomy performed by open, laparoscopy with or without hand-assistance or robotic methods by the same surgeon produces comparable perioperative results

PURPOSE: Radical nephrectomy can be performed using open or laparoscopic (with or without hand assistance) methods, and most recently using the da Vinci Surgical Robotic System. We evaluated the perioperative outcomes using a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing radical nephrectomy by one of the above 4 methods performed by the same surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant clinical information on 57 consecutive patients undergoing radical nephrectomy from September 2000 until July 2004 by a single surgeon was entered in a Microsoft Access DatabaseTM and queried. Following appropriate statistical analysis, p values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Of 57 patients, the open, robotic, laparoscopy with or without hand assistance radical nephrectomy were performed in 18, 6, 21, and 12 patients, respectively. The age, sex, body mass index (BMI), incidence of malignancy, specimen and tumor size, tumor stage, Fuhrman grade, hospital stay, change in postoperative creatinine, drop in hemoglobin, and perioperative complications were not significantly different between the methods. While the estimated median blood loss, postoperative narcotic use for pain control, and hospital stay were significantly higher in the open surgery method (p < 0.05), the median operative time was significantly shorter compared to the robotic method (p = 0.02). Operating room costs were significantly higher in the robotic and laparoscopic groups; however, there was no significant difference in total hospital costs between the 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that radical nephrectomy can be safely performed either by open, robotic, or laparoscopic with or without hand assistance methods without significant difference in perioperative complication rates. A larger cohort and longer follow up are needed to validate our findings and establish oncological outcomes.

GAVI and the Vaccine Fund--a boon for immunization in the developing world.

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and The Vaccine Fund are two major global initiatives adopted with the objectives of improving access to immunization services particularly in the underdeveloped and developing countries and introduction of new but under-used vaccines in the developing countries in particular where these diseases are highly prevalent. GAVI is a collaborative mission that brings together governments in developing and industrialized countries, UNICEF, WHO, the World Bank, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, vaccine manufacturers and all other stake holders to harness the strengths and experiences of multiple partners in immunization. The Vaccine Fund is a financing mechanism established to mobilize resources to serve the mission of GAVI. This article reviews the objectives, strategies, organization and the funding issues of this global initiative. In the Indian perspective, GAVI is presently playing a major role in introduction of Hepatitis-B vaccine for infants in India. The article outlined the pilot project currently being implemented by GoI and the future prospects of integrating Hepatitis-B vaccine and auto disable syringes into the routine immunization program as well as strengthening the routine immunization services when the government decides to expand the project.

Role of heme in mitochondrial biogensis: Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of Iso-l-cytochrome C gene during glucose repression-derepression in cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Exogenous addition of hemin to glucose-repressed cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae restores the level of Iso-1-cytochrome C messengers to that observed in derepressed cells. In vitro transcription in isolated nuclei has shown a 4-fold stimulation in the synthesis of Iso-1-cytochrome C messengers in repressed but hemin-treated and derepressed cells compared to the repressed cells. Studies on in vitro transport of RNA from isolated nuclei have revealed that there is a 50% drop in the transport of total RNA from nuclei isolated from repressed but hemin-treated and derepressed cells when compared with the nuclei from repressed cells. However, under these conditions, there is an enhanced transport of translatable RNA. Hybridization analysis of the transported RNA using Iso-1-cytochrome C gene-specific probe has shown that there is preferential transport of Iso-1-cytochrome C messengers in repressed but hemin treated and derepressed cells.