Review of Eerdun-Wurile clinical research / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Objective@#To summarize the clinical application of Zhenbao pills (Eerdun-Wurile) in recent years, so as to clarify its clinical efficiency and provide an effective basis for future research.@*Methods@#The clinical application of Zhenbao pills (Eerdun-Wurile) was classified and summarized by consulting the relevant literature.@*Results@#Mongolian medicine Eerdun-Wurile consists of many active ingredients such as <i>Sandalwood Padauk</i>, pearl, <i>Myristica fragrans, Calculus bovis</i>, Bufallo horn concentrated powder, <i>Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Euphorbia humifusa, Catsia tora Linn, Chingma Abutilon Seed</i>, Resina Liquidambaris, <i>Carthamus tinctorius L, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb, Cardamoj amomum, Semen Nigellae, Cuminum cyminum L, Piper longum Linn, Lygodium japonicum</i>, crab, medicine terminalia fruit, <i>MeLia toosendan Sieb.etZucc</i>, musk, white sandalwood, <i>Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Aucklandia lappa Decne, Inula helenium L, Amomum tsao-ko Crevostet Lemaire etc</i>. Mongolian medicine Eerdun-Wurile used for treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral infarction, cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke, rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, rheumatism, kind rheumatism, cervical spondylosis, arthritis, insomnia, high blood pressure, epilepsy, skin diseases, diabetes, eye diseases.@*Conclusion@#Mongolian Medicine Eerdun-Wurile has remarkable curative effect on cardiovascu- lar and cerebrovascular diseases, brain infarction, cerebral infarction, ischemic stroke, diabetic diseases, rheumatism, bone diseases and so on. In this paper, the curative effect of this drug was summarized to provide reference for its clinical application.

Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine / 中西医结合学报

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19), it has rapidly spread to 187 countries, causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden. However, currently, drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available, except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM, and discussed its syndrome differentiation, treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM.

Research review on pharmacological actions of Cartthamus tinctorius L / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#To collate the pharmacological literature of safflower and lay a foundation for its later development. @*Methods@#Collect and sort out the literature of modern periodicals, and the study the pharmacology of Safflower in academic websites.@*Conclusion@#The pharmacological study and clinical medication of Mongolian medicine Safflower were studied in this paper. Safflower is one of the clinical medicines of Mongolian medicine, which is often used to treat liver diseases and is known as "the best of the liver". It has the functions of blocking blood vessels, irregular menstruation, clearing liver heat, nourishing, relieving pain and detumescence. Through collecting and sorting out the pharmacological studies of Safflower in modern periodicals and academic websites, we conclude that safflower can protect liver, expand blood vessels, anticoagulation, ischemic injury, lowering blood lipids, stimulating uterus, analgesic and sedative effects on nervous system, nourishing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer and anti-aging.

Effect of salvianolic acid B on high glucose-induced phenotypic transition and extracellular matrix secretion in human glomerular mesangial cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on high glucose-induced phenotypic transition and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:HGMCs were randomly divided into control group, high glucose group and high glucose plus high dose, medium dose and low dose of Sal B groups.The HGMCs except those in control group were exposed to high glucose (33.3 mmol/L) for 72 h, while those in Sal B groups were co-incubated with indicated concentrations of Sal B.The protein levels ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) , transforming growth () and phosphorylated Smad2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by Western blot.The secretion levels of collagen type I (Col I) , collagen type III (Col III) , fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) were measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Exposure to high glucose markedly increased the protein expression ofI, Col III, FN and LN in the HG-MCs (P<0.01).The phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and p38 MAPK were also significantly increased (P<0.01).Coincubation with Sal B evidently decreased the protein expression ofI, Col III, FN and LN in the HGMCs induced by high glucose (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The phosphorylated levels of Smad2 and p38 MAPK were also reduced noticeably (P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Sal B significantly suppresses high glucose-induced phenotypic transition and ECM secretion in the HGMCs, which might be attributed, at least partly, to inhibition ofSmad signaling pathway and p38 MAPK activation.

Characteristics of school public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the characteristics of school public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province, and to provide current suggestions for prevention and control. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted for the public health emergencies occurred in schools from 2014 to 2016 in Zhejiang Province. The data was derived from Emergency Public Reporting System. Results A total of 100 public health emergencies occurred in schools and 3 784 cases were reported during 2014-2016 in Zhejiang Province, meanwhile no death occurred. There were two peak seasons every year for the emergency report. Forty percent of the emergencies were reported during November to January of the following year, and 31.00 % were during April to May. The emergencies occurred on all the municipal districts when Ningbo accounted for 50.00%. The schools and kindergartens in rural area, town and urban area reported 37, 28 and 35 emergencies respectively. The main etiology of emergencies included varicella(37.00%), hand-foot-mouth disease(29.00%), norovirus(22.00%). The median duration of varicella outbreaks was 31.67d, which was longer than others. The scale of influenza and norovirus outbreaks were larger, and the median cases were 76 and 49 respectively. The time of emergencies detecting was significantly different between different detecting patterns. Conclusion The prevention and control of school emergencies was still urgently. There were still some deficiencies in the identification and active reporting of the epidemic, which need to be solved, while taking advantage of the surveillance system for sick absence. The future strategies should focused on reinforcing immunization and improving health habits to promote school health.

Discrimination between Metastatic and Non-metastatic Regional Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer Using Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Parameters / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative perfusion parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced im?aging for discriminating metastatic from non-metastatic regional lymph nodes in rectal cancer.[Methods]122 patients of our depart?ment were collected from 2015.01 to 2016.08, and 203 lymph nodes, including metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs, n=95) and non-meta?static lymph nodes (NMLNs, n=108), were analyzed. The short-axis diameter (S), long-axis diameter (L), short-to long-axis diameter ratio (S/L), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep) and extravascular extracellular space (EES) fractional volume (Ve) were compared between two groups respectively. Then using S=5 mm as a cutoff value, these parameters were compared between subgroups. Receive operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency and find the optimal cutoff values.[Re?sults]The metastatic group exhibited higher S and L, but lower S/L, Ktrans and Kep than the non-metastatic group (P<0.01). However, the Ve did not differ significantly between two groups (P=0.308). Optimal cutoff values [area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, speci?ficity] of Ktrans for discriminate metastatic lymph nodes from non-metastatic were 0.088 min-1 (0.69, 58.3%, 78.9%). When S>/=5 mm, subgroup analysis revealed that Ktrans and Kep of MLNs were significant higher than those of NMLNs (P<0.001), but Ve was lower (P=0.039). Optimal cutoff values (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) of Ktrans were 0.088 min-1 (0.675, 57.1%, 77.9%). However, when S<5 mm, MLNs showed lower Ktrans than NMLNs (P=0.001), but there were no significantly statistic differences of Kep and Ve between these two groups (P>0.1). Optimal cutoff values (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) of Ktrans were 0.087 min-1 (0.732, 60.5%, 81.5%).[Conclusion]Ktrans can be used to discriminate regional MLNs from NMLNs in rectal cancer, especially when the short-axis diameter is less than 5 millimeters.

An analysis on the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors with generalized additive model / 预防医学

Objective To explore the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors in Zhejiang Province. Methods The data which was been analyzed including month case of scarlet fever and meteorological factors from JAN 2005 to DEC 201 4,were analyzed for the degree and characteristic of the correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors with generalized additive model(GAM).Results There were negative correlation between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including water vapor pressure and hours of sunshine.There were complex nonlinear correlations between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including precipitation,average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature .The relationship between scarlet fever and meteorological factors including average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature showed approximate quadratic function.The precipitation above 3 500(0.1 mm),average barometric pressure above 1 0 200(0.1 hPa)and under 1 0 050(0.1 hPa),average wind speed between 1 8.7 -23.6 (0.1 m/s)and average temperature between 1 00 -250 (0.1 ℃) were the suitable meteorological condition for scarlet fever.Conclusion There were complex nonlinear correlations between the scarlet fever and meteorological factors.Precipitation,average barometric pressure,average wind speed and average temperature may be associated with the incidence of scarlet fever.

The application of X -1 2 -ARIMA model in analysis on incidence trend of typhoid / 预防医学

Objective To study the function of X -1 2 -ARIMA model in analysis on incidence trend of typhoid. Methods Secular trend,seasonal periodicity and random fluctuations of the monthly morbidity data in Zhejiang province from 2005 to 201 3 were analyzed by X -1 2 -ARIMA model.Results The seasonal fluctuation showed a narrowing trend year by year during 2005 to 201 3.After September,2007,the incidence of typhoid showed a downward trend.After 2008,the annual peak of incidence changed from August to July.The irregular factor may well represent the outbreak. Conclusion The X -1 2 -ARIMA model showed clear secular trend and seasonal periodicity,and the random fluctuation was of great value.

The application of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System in Zhejiang province, 2012 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and evaluate the application of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)in Zhejiang province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data through the monitoring program in 2012 was analyzed descriptively and compared with the incidence data in the same period as well information related to public health emergency events.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 14 292 signals were generated on 28 kinds of infectious diseases in the system, in Zhejiang province. 100% of the signals had been responded and the median time to response was 0.81 hours. 123 signals (0.86%)were preliminarily verified as suspected outbreaks and 33 outbreaks were finally confirmed by further field investigation, with a positive ratio of 0.23% . Information related to regional distribution showed significant differences which reflecting a positive correlation between the numbers of diseases and the time of early-warning(r = 0. 97, P < 0.01). Distribution of information related to different types of diseases was also significantly different, showing a positive correlation between the prevalent strength of the disease and the amount of information in a specific area(r = 0.80, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CIDARS had a good performance which could be used to assist the local public health institutions on early detection of possible outbreaks at the early stage. However, the effectiveness was different for different regions and diseases.</p>

Device related complications of the Coflex interspinous process implant for the lumbar spine / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Coflex, a type of interspinous process implant, can provide intervertebral dynamic stability for surgical segments and effectively relieve lumbocrural pain. However, few studies have described therapeutic strategies and the avoidance of Coflex implant complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Coflex implant complications in this study included intraoperative or postoperative spinous process fracture, aggravated postoperative lumbocrural pain, dislodgment and malposition. The complications were analyzed, and therapeutic strategies were applied according to the specific complication. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were evaluated by using the paired-samples test from SPSS 12.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Conservative treatment was provided to seven patients who experienced aggravated lumbocrural pain even though their devices remained in the correct position, and pedicle screw treatment was used as an alternative in four cases. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores showed evident improvement in these patients. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of two patients who underwent revision were also improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Coflex implants should be avoided in patients with osteoporosis, a narrow interspinous space and intervertebral coronal spondylolysis, or sagittal instability. Furthermore the device choice, depth of implantation, and clamping intensity should be appropriate. Conservative treatment can be provided to patients with symptoms if the device remains in the correct position; however, revisions and salvages should be undertaken with internal fixation of pedicle screws for patients with device malposition, intraoperative implantation failure, or device intolerance.</p>

Device implanted complications of Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate device implanted complications and corresponding therapeutic strategies of Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system for lumbar spine intraoperatively and postoperatively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2008 to August 2010, 133 cases of degenerative disease of lumbar spine including 62 males and 71 females, ranging from 35 to 81 years of age (mean 60.8 years), underwent or planed to be underwent decompression with Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system were reviewed retrospectively, and 13 cases including 6 males and 7 females, ranging from 41 to 71 years of age (mean 58.6 years), occurred device implanted complications. The Coflex implanted complications were analyzed, and therapeutic strategies according to different character were carried out, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and effect-related data preoperatively, postoperatively, after conservative treatment and in final follow-up were evaluated with paired-samples t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen cases of Coflex implanted complications and treatment applied included: 3 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes intraoperatively were treated by pedicle screws instead; 2 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes postoperatively or during follow-up, including 1 case underwent revision with pedicle screws, another 1 case treated with conservative treatment; 4 cases with degenerative coronal spondylolysis in surgical segments, 1 case with sagittal instability preoperatively, and 1 case with device dislodgment in follow-up all suffered aggravated pain and received conservative treatment; 1 case suffered implanted malposition intraoperatively was underwent internal fixation with pedicle screws instead; at length, 1 case with aggravated pain postoperatively and without definite reason received revision with internal fixation of pedicle screws demolishing the Coflex. The follow-up time of 13 cases ranged from 20 to 38 months (mean 27.6 months); and 7 cases implanted Coflex with aggravated pain of lumbar and lower limb, but the position of device can still maintained, were received conservative treatment, and whose score of VAS and ODI in the final follow-up were 1.9 ± 0.7 and 23.2 ± 3.4, and comparing to 6.1 ± 1.1 and 58.1 ± 3.0 preoperatively, evident improvement was got finally (t = 8.2 and 18.2, P < 0.01). Scores of VAS and ODI of 2 cases with Coflex implanted complications underwent revision with pedicle screws were also improved correspondingly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system implanted should be avoided to cases who suffered with osteoporosis, too narrow interspinous space and intervertebral coronal spondylolysis or sagittal instability; and choice of device, depth of implantation and intensity of clumping should be appropriate. For patients with symptom but device still in right position, conservative treatment can be carried out; but for patients subjected to malposition of device, failure of implantation intraoperatively or intolerance to device, revisions and salvages should be underwent with internal fixation of pedicle screws.</p>

Evaluation on the performance of China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System(CIDARS)in Zhejiang province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To evaluate the performance of China Infectious Disease Automatedalert and Response System(CIDARS). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data related to the warning signals, the outcome of signal verification, the field investigation of CIDARS,and the emergent events reported through Public Health Emergency Events Surveillance System from July 1,2008 to June 30, 2010 in Zhejiang province. The performance of CIDARS was qualitatively evaluated by indicators on its sensitivity and rote of false alarm. Results In total, 26 446 signals were generated by the system which involving 17 diseases, with an average of 2.83 signals per country per week. Among all the signals, 99.95% of them were responded. 0.90% of the signals were judged as suspected events via the preliminary verification, and 30 outbreaks were finally confirmed by field investigation. The sensitivity of the system was 69.77% with the false alarm rate as 1.39%. Conclusion The system seemed to have worked on the outbreak early warning of infectious diseases and could directly reflect the anomaly event emerged from the infectious disease reporting system.However, more efforts should be paid to the following areas as how to decrease the false positive signals, select suitable thresholds and increase the quality of data in order to enhance the accuracy of the system.

Purified culture and identification of the rat brain microvascular endothelial cells / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective: To explore and obtain the isolation and culture methods of the highly purified primary rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Methods: The brains of 10 3-week-old Wistar rats were harvested by decapitation, removing the white matter and mincing into approximately 1 mm3. A highly purified brain microvascular fragments were obtained through enzymatic digestion twice, 20% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 33% continuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation. They were incubated into gelatin-coated 35 mm dish plates and the endothelial medium containing 4 μg/ml puromycins was added. The medium was renewed after 2 days. The endothelial cell growth and its morphology were observed using an inverted microscope. The expression of BMECs markers factor VIII-related antigen (vWF) was detected by immunocytoehemical method and was identified. Results: The endothelial cells grew out around the adherent brain microvascular fragments after culturing for 24 hours, and the cells were spindle-shaped. A fusion was formed after 5 to 6 days. BMECs after the fusion showed a typical "cobblestone-like" appearance. Immunocytochemical analysis showed the vWF expression of BMECs was positive, while the glial fibrillary protein (GFAP) expression was negative. The purity of BMVECs reached more than 96%. Conclusion: This method may successfully obtain the highly purified rat primary BMECs.

A survey on AIDS discrimination among medical college students / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the related knowledge, discrimination attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among medical college students, and to provide scientific evidence for further HIV/AIDS anti-discrimination intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By means of stratified cluster sampling to classes, 2844 undergraduate students were randomly selected from medical colleges. A self-designed and self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted, and SPSS 13.0 software was used for data analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2501 valid questionnaires had been collected. The overall HIV/AIDS knowledge coverage rate of the respondents was 73.1% (1828/2501); The HIV/AIDS discrimination rates in different questions were varying, the discrimination rate of infected with AIDS by bad sex and sharing needles was 83.1% (2078/2501) and 77.7% (1943/2501) respectively, the discrimination rates in term of contacting with HIV patients and their daily necessities, sharing desks, personal social were all exceeding 40%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The medical students held serious discrimination attitudes to HIV infected persons and patients; it is necessary to strengthen anti-discrimination education about HIV/AIDS among medical students.</p>

Association of the PADI4 gene polymorphism and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles with rheumatoid arthritis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles with rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in a Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four exonic SNPs of the PADI4 gene (PADI 4_89*A/G, PADI 4_90*C/T, PADI 4_92*C/G and PADI 4_104*C/T) were genotyped in 67 unrelated patients with RA and 81 healthy controls, using cDNA sequencing and T vector cloning. HLA-DRB 1*01, *04 and *10 subtypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The distributions of the 4 SNPs were different in the two groups, and increased RA susceptibility was significantly associated with the minor alleles of PADI 4_89*G (P was 0.023), PADI 4_90*T (P was 0.004), PADI 4_104*T (P was 0.003), and the haplotypes carrying the 4 minor alleles (P was 0.008). HLA-DRB1 SE alleles are composed of HLA-DRB 1*0101, *0102, *0401, *0404, *0405, *0408, *0409, *0410 and *1001. Individuals carrying the SE alleles were associated with increased RA susceptibility (P was 0.002). Individuals carrying both the SE alleles and minor alleles of the 4 SNPs were more susceptible to RA than individuals carrying neither the minor SNP alleles nor the SE alleles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PADI4 SNPs and haplotypes are associated with RA susceptibility in Chinese. HLA-DRB1 shared epitope is also an important risky factor for RA. There may exist certain synergistic effect between the PADI4 minor alleles and the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope.</p>

Early outcomes of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in Chinese aged patients with diabetes mellitus

To compare the early outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] in aged diabetic patients, and evaluate the affection of diabetes on the early outcomes of CABG in aged patients. The study took place in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China, between January 2000 and July 2008. Five hundred and ninety-three elderly patients [age >/= 70-years-old], undergoing isolated CABG were retrospectively divided into diabetic group and non-diabetic group. We analyzed the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative variables of the 2 groups. The t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the differences between the 2 groups of patients. There was no statistical difference of pre-operative and intraoperative variables between the 2 groups, except that there were more left main coronary artery diseases in the diabetic group. Values in the post-operative period such as morbidity, complications, and blood infusion had no differences between the 2 groups. Diabetes mellitus and age are not the risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients is plausible. Furthermore, diabetic patients could get the same surgical results as those non-diabetic patients

Total lumbar disc replacement with SB Charité III prosthesis: Chinese experience with more than two years follow-up / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of total lumbar disc replacement with SB Charité III prosthesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Dec 1999 to Dec 2006, total lumbar disc replacement with SB Charité III prosthesis was performed in 65 patients affected with degenerative lumbar disc disorders. Among these patients, 48 (52 prosthesis) were followed up for more than two years (from 2.0 to 7.5 years). There were 22 males and 26 females with an average age of 43 years old (from 36 to 58 years). The diagnosis was lumbar disc herniation with low back pain in 34 patients, discogenic low back pain in 9 patients and failed lumbar disc surgery in 5 patients. All patients underwent standard anterior procedure under general anesthesia. One level replacement was done in 44 patients (L3,4 in 3, L4,5 in 23 and L5-S1 in 18), and two level procedures in 4 patients (L3,4/L4,5 in 1 and L4,5/L5-S1 in 3). Clinical and radiographic results of these patients were evaluated at each follow-up time (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after operation and the latest).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average visual analogue scales score for pain was 9.3 before operation, changed to 4.3 one month after operation, further declined to 2.6 two years after operation and finally to 1.8 at the latest follow-up evaluation. Meanwhile, the average Oswestry Disability Index was 45.8 before operation, 28.6 one month after operation, 12.5 two years after operation and 8.2 at the latest followup evaluation. All operated levels but one maintained mobile and there was no significant loss of range of motion observed. Complications such as implant dislocation or significant subsidence of the prosthesis occurred in none case of this group. All patients but one (98%) were satisfied with the surgery at the latest follow-up evaluation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Total lumbar disc replacement is an effective method for the treatment of degenerative disc disorders. Its long-term outcome remains to be verified.</p>

HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey of drug users in Jiangxi province / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate HIV-1 molecular epidemiology of drug users in Jiangxi Province to analyze epidemic situation, subtype, origin of strain, and variation, and to provide information for prevention and control of AIDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Combining principles of traditional epidemiology and molecular epidemiology, the authors analyzed the epidemiologically related factors, the gene sequences and systematic mutation of HIV-1 gene in nine drug users in Jiangxi province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HIV spread through the drug users in Jiangxi not only by injection but also by sexual contacts. The main epidemic strain found by sequence analysis was HIV-1 CRF01-AE that was closely related to the strain among drug users in Vietnam and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with the average gene distance of 9.00 +/- 2.27 from the Vietnam strain. The origin of strain among drug users in the province was entirely the same.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>At present, HIV-1 CRF01-AE strain has spread in the whole province among the drug users. Vigorous behavioral interventions should be developed in drug users and un-safe sexual behavior population to prevent the epidemic.</p>

CXC chemokine receptor 3 modulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury via involving inflammatory process / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in bleomycin-induced lung injury by using CXCR3 gene deficient mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sex-, age-, and weight-matched C57BL/6 CXCR3 gene knockout mice and C57BL/6 wide type mice were challenged by injection of bleomycin via trachea. Lung tissue was stained with HE method. Airway resistance was measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed using phosphate buffered saline twice, cell number and differentials were counted by Diff-Quick staining. Interleukin (IL)4, IL-5, IL-12p40, and interfon-y in BAL fluid and lung homogenate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Unpaired t test was explored to compare the difference between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On day 7 after bleomycin injection via trachea, CXCR3 knockout mice were protected from bleomycin-induced lung injury as evidenced by fewer accumulation of inflammatory cells in the airway and lung interstitium compared with their wild type littermates (P < 0.05). Airway resistance was also lower in CXCR3 knockout mice compared with wild type mice (P < 0.01). Significantly lower level of inflammatory cytokines release, including the altered production of IL-4 and IL-5 both in BAL fluid and lung tissue was seen in CXCR3 knockout mice than in wild type mice (both P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CXCR3 signaling promotes inflammatory cells recruiting and initiates inflammatory cytokines cascade following endotracheal bleomycin administration, indicating that CXCR3 might be a therapeutic target for pulmonary injury.</p>

The effects of nitric oxide on cardiac apoptosis and function during myocardial/reperfusion injury / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>The observation of the relationship between the level of NO detected by ESR in the blood and the myocardial apoptosis and function caused by the recurrent, reversible myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5): (1) control group, (2) L-Arg group, (3) L-NNA group. The rabbits were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital. A suture ligature was passed around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), so it could be snare occluded and reperfused. The LAD was occluded for 10 min three times, the first and second occlusions were followed by 10 min of reflow, after the third occlusion, the reperfusion was 120 min.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all groups dp/dt(max) began to decrease at 5 min after the first ischemia. But compared with control group at 5 min after first reperfusion: in L-Arg group NO and apoptosis level were elevated but dp/dt(max) decreased significantly. In L-NNA group NO and apoptosis decreased significantly, dp/dt(max) improved significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fact that the level of NO and apoptosis elevated suggested that they had taken part in the process of myocardial stunning.</p>