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Objective@#To learn the status of knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety in primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou. @*Methods@#The students of fourth to seventh grade from seven schools in Xiacheng District were selected and surveyed for their knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety by self-designed questionnaires. @*Results@#Totally 4 006（99.98%）students completed the survey,who mostly had awareness rates of over 90% in knowledge about safe behaviors when walking,walking across the road and riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle. The awareness rates of"should not run across the road","should not ride side by side"and"should not ride on the motorway"were relatively low,which were 81.65%,85.72% and 82.78%,respectively. About 68.47% of students thought it necessary to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle,72.22% of students thought it necessary to wear seatbelt or use child safety seat when taking a car. The two rates were significantly higher in girls than boys and in primary school students than secondary school students（P<0.05）. The top three unsafe behaviors the students did in the past six months were"not wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle","run across the road"and"ride on the motorway",the rates of which were 86.84%,10.06% and 7.91%,respectively. @*Conclusion@#The knowledge of road traffic safety among primary and middle school students in Xiacheng District is mastered well. Interventions should be focused on unsafe behaviors including not wearing a helmet when cycling,riding on the motorway and running cross the road.
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Objective To analyze the brucellosis epidemic and genotyping characteristics of Brucella strains isolated from Hebei Province,and to provide scientific basis for brucellosis control and prevention.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis (including region,population,and time distribution characteristics) was performed using individual data of human brucellosis in Hebei Province from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016,Brucella strains were isolated by phase culture bottles in Brucellosis Lab from Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was used to identify the genotyping characteristics of the isolates.Results There were 3 774 reported cases in 2016,and 11 cities in the province had reported the cases.The cases were found mainly in Zhangjiakou,Chengde and Tangshan.And 95.98％ (167/174) of all counties were reported brucellosis cases.Vocational high risk population was farmers and herdsmen engaged in livestock and processing of animal products,accounting for 90.22％ (3 405/3 774).Male had the highest incidence,accounting for 74.38％ (2 807/3 774).The onset time was concentrated in January-August,accounting for 83.67％ (3 161/3 774).Twenty-one strains of Brucella were isolated,twenty isolates were Brucella melitensis biovar 3,and one isolate was Brucella abortus biovar 3.Panel 1 (MLVA-8) identified three genotypes 42,43,and 114,with genotype 42 representing 85.00％ (17/20);Panel 1 + Panel 2A (MLVA-11) identified three genotypes 116,122,291,with genotype 116 representing 85.00％ (17/20),which were identified as belonging to the East Mediterranean group.Panel 1 (MLVA-8) identified the genotype 36,Panel 1 + Panel 2A (MLVA-11) identified the genotype 72 of one Brucella abortus strain.It was identified as belonging to abortus C.Conclusions The brucellosis epidemic in Hebei is relatively severe,the pathogenic bacteria is mainly Brucella melitensis.The MLVA assay is a very practical and important molecular genotyping tool,it provides a basis for tracing the source of brucellosis infection.
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Objective To type Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae) isolated from children, and provide scientific basis for the correct selection of S.pneumoniae vaccine.Methods 182 strains of S.pneumoniae were collected from Children's Hospital of Hebei Province in 2014, species of strains were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), types of strains were analyzed with multiplex PCR.Results PCR detection showed that cpsA gene amplification of 182 strains were all positive;multiplex PCR detection revealed that except 8 strains were not typed, the main types of the remaining 174 strains were 19 F (n=68, 37.36%), 19A(n=33, 18.13%), and 6A/6B (n=26,14.28%), the other types were 35B, 14, 6C/6D, 23F, 15B/15C, and so on.Conclusion The main types of 182 strains of S.pneumoniae are 19 F, 19A, and 6A/6B, which provide scientific basis for the correct selection of S.pneumoniae vaccine for this province.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of titanium plate fixation for posterior one-door-open laminoplasty in the treatment of elderly patients with multi segmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy,to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of open cervical spine fixation under fixed mode.Methods Thirty-eight cases with multi segmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated in China Meitan General Hospital with titanium plate fixation and posterior cervical laminoplasty from January 2011 to January 2014 were selected as the research object,a retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of the patients.Group A with 20 cases was fixed with open-door segment C3~C6;18 cases in group B were treated with open door fixation of segmental C3~C7.X-ray,CT,MR were examined in preoperative time,JOA score was performed at 7d and 6 months after surgery.Door opening angle of CT cross section,the anteroposterior diameter(APD)of the spinal canal and shaft fusion were measured.MR spinal cord signal changes and the degree of compression,cervical spine activity, postoperative pain,the initial pain degree,VAS score and remission time differences were evaluated and analyzed.Results The incision healed in group A and B after the operation,the incidence rate of axial symptoms was 30%(6/20)in group A and 38.9%(7/18)in group B,the difference was statistically significant(P= 0.043); postoperative JOA scores were(12.2 ± 2.3)% points and(12.8 ± 1.7)points respectively in group A and B,the improvement rate of nerve function were(49.31 ± 14.5)% and(47.93 ±18.6)%,respectively in group A and B,the change rate of cervical spine were(-2.37±1.88)% and(-2.65 ±1.23)%,respectively in group A and B,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Initial VAS scores were(3.2±1.3)points and(4.1±1.7)points respectively in group A and B,the pain time were(55.2±28.5)d and(24.9± 19.2)d respectively,and complete remission time were(93.2± 47.3)d and(152.5 ± 59.3)d respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P=0.028,P=0.031) .There were no change in opening angle,the anteroposterior diameter of spinal canal and spinal canal expansion rate at 7 days after surgery,but the door had bony fusion,without lamina closure phenomenon,and the seveity of spinal cord compression was improved at 6 months after surgery, compared with the preoperative time.Conclusion To obtain the ideal clinical treatment effect on titanium plate fixation of open-door laminoplasty in the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy in the elderly patients,the characteristics of the patient's own disease and selective fixation section should be taken into consideration.
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Objective A suspected strain of Brucella canis isolated in Hebei Province in 2015 was identified and its genetic characteristics were analyzed.Methods After conventional identification of the bacteria strain,multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) were conducted to determine its species and genetic characteristics.Results The strain was identified as Brucella canis by conventional subtyping and M-PCR.Using Panel 1,the strain was genotype 3,using Panel 2A,the strain was genotype 28.It was closely clustered with Brucella canis,and differences of repeated numbers at variablenumber tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci Bruce04,Bruce07,Bruce09 and Bruce16 were also displayed.Conclusions The conventional subtyping and molecular methods can improve the stability and accuracy of the identification.Genetic characteristics of the strain is closely related to that of Brucella canis.
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Objective A suspected Brucella strain, isolated from the first case of mink breeder in Hebei Province was identified and genetic characteristics were analyzed.Methods Blood sample of the patient with brucellosis was collected at brucellosis laboratory of Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention;anti-Brucella antibody was tested and Brucella was isolated by two phase culture bottles.Conventional methods were used to identify the isolated strain, the genetic characteristics were analyzed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA).Results Anti-Brucella antibody was tested positive.The isolated strain was identified as Brucella melitensis biovar 1 using the conventional methods.Using Pannel 1, the strain was genotype 42 clustering to the East Mediterranean Brucella Melitensis group.It was closely clustered with Brucella melitensis biovar 3, and difference of repeated numbers at variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci bruce19 was also displayed.Conclusion The case is the first brucellosis case of mink breeder in Hebei Province, the isolated strain from this patient is identified as Brucella melitensis biovar 1 and the genetic characteristics of the strain are closely related to those of Brucella melitensis biovar 3.
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Objective To explore the effect and complication of diode laser and long-pulsed alexandrite laser for hair removal in different skin type.Methods A total of 1061 patients (1741 sites) were divided into 2 groups by skin type:one group were treated with diode laser,with wave length of 810 nm,and pulse width of 400 ms,with 12 mm × 10 mm spot size; another group were treated with long-pulsed alexandrite laser,with wave length of 755 nm,of pulse width of 20 ms,with 12.5 mm spot size,50-60 days intermitted between each treatment.Results The effect of hair removal by two lasers in different skin type was without divergence,but to darker skin,complication was lower when treated by diode laser.Conclusions The effect of hair removal by two lasers in different skin type is similar,but diode laser on hair removal is much safer to dark skin.
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Objective To investigate the causes and treatment methods of complications induced by the long-pulsed alexandrite laser on hair removal. Methods A total of 2 562 patients (3 279 sites) with unwanted hairs were treated by the long-pulsed alexandrite laser. Wave length was 755 nm. With 20 msec pulse width. 12. 5 mm spot size, 12. 0-16. 5 J/cm2 treatment energy, and 50-60 days intermitted between each treatment. Results There were 242 patients with complications such as erythema, eruption, blister, bulla, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and scar. Conclusion The long-pulsed alexandrite laser on hair removal is effective and safe, and the correct procedures of treatment can reduce the complications.
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Objective To evaluate the value of high frequency color Doppler ultrasound in detecting the growth of orthotopic prostate tumor in nude mice. Methods Thirty-five orthotopic prostate tumor models of BALB/c nude mice were established. High frequency color Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor the growth of tumors in five randomly selected BALB/c nude mice after 2 - 8 weeks. After examination,the nude mice were immediately sacrificed under narcotism. The tumors were dissected, fixed and embedded. The sections were stained by HE and reviewed under microscope as the gold standard of detecting the growth of orthotopic prostate tumors. The growth curves were recorded and analyzed. Results High frequency color Doppler ultrasound can be used to observe the size, resonance, blood supply and necrosis of tumors. The tumors grew fastest in 4～6 weeks after injection. After seven weeks, necrosis can be found in the center of the tumors while the boundary of the tumor was not clear. Conclusions High frequency color Doppler ultrasound can be a reliable method to monitor the growth of orthotopic prostate tumor in BALB/c nude mice.