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Objective To investigate the effect of argatroban in repair of spinal cord injury in rats.Methods A total of 54 female Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups according to the random number table:sham group,injury group and Argatroban group,with 18 rats in each group.The sham group only took the T101amina;the injury group used the spinal cord injury device to make the rat spinal cord injury model;the Argatroban group received Argatroban treatment after spinal cord injury.The recovery of hindlimb motor function was evaluated by BBB score and clined plate test before injury and 7,14,21,28,35 and 42 days after injury.The sensory evoked potentials (SEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) were detected 42 days after operation.HE staining was used to compare the size of the cavity in the local region 42 days after injury.Results At day 7 after injury,the BBB score was (3.7 ±0.5) points and the inclined plane test was (28.0 ± 2.6) ° in the Argatroban group,which were better than those in the injury group [(3.3 ± 0.5) points,(24.3 ± 1.9) °] (p ＜ 0.05).At day 42 after injury,the BBB score was (13.0 ± 0.8) points and inclined plane test was (50.7 ± 2.7) ° in the Argatroban group,which were significantly better than those in the injury group [(9.7 ± 1.3) points,(40.5 ± 2.7)°] (p ＜0.05).But all the above values in the Argatroban group were significantly lower than those in the sham group [(21.0 ± 0.0) points,(60.0 ± 0.0) °] (P ＜ 0.05).At day 42 after operation,the SEP latency [(25.0 ± 0.9)ms] in the Argatroban group was significantly shorter than that in the injury group [(31.5 ± 1.9) ms];the amplitude [(2.1 ± 0.1) μV] in the Argatroban group was lower than that in the injury group [(0.5 ± 0.1) μV] (P ＜ 0.05).The MEP latency [(11.5 ± 1.0) ms]in the Argatroban group was significantly shorter than that in the injury group [(17.5 ± 1.1) ms],and the amplitude [(4.8 ± 0.8) μV] in the Argatroban group was lower than that in the injury group [(2.8 ± 0.7) μV] (P ＜ 0.05).And the SEP or MEP latency and amplitude in the Argatroban group showed significant differences compared to the sham group [(7.5 ± 1.0) ms,(7.5 ± 1.0) μV] (P ＜0.05) . HE staining showed that the central area of the lesion in the Argatroban group [(0.35 ± 0.04) mm2]was significantly smaller than that in the injury group [(0.71 ± 0.05)mm2].Conclusion After spinal cord injury,argatroban can protect the spinal cord tissue effectively in the injured area and promote recovery of sensory and motor function in the hind limbs of rats.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of argatroban in repair of spinal cord injury in rats.@*Methods@#A total of 54 female Wistar rats were selected and divided into three groups according to the random number table: sham group, injury group and Argatroban group, with 18 rats in each group. The sham group only took the T10lamina; the injury group used the spinal cord injury device to make the rat spinal cord injury model; the Argatroban group received Argatroban treatment after spinal cord injury. The recovery of hindlimb motor function was evaluated by BBB score and clined plate test before injury and 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after injury. The sensory evoked potentials (SEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) were detected 42 days after operation. HE staining was used to compare the size of the cavity in the local region 42 days after injury.@*Results@#At day 7 after injury, the BBB score was (3.7±0.5)points and the inclined plane test was (28.0±2.6)° in the Argatroban group, which were better than those in the injury group [(3.3±0.5)points, (24.3±1.9)°] (P<0.05). At day 42 after injury, the BBB score was (13.0±0.8)points and inclined plane test was (50.7±2.7)° in the Argatroban group, which were significantly better than those in the injury group [(9.7±1.3) points, (40.5±2.7)°] (P<0.05). But all the above values in the Argatroban group were significantly lower than those in the sham group [(21.0±0.0)points, (60.0±0.0)°](P<0.05). At day 42 after operation, the SEP latency [(25.0±0.9)ms] in the Argatroban group was significantly shorter than that in the injury group [(31.5±1.9) ms]; the amplitude [(2.1±0.1)μV] in the Argatroban group was lower than that in the injury group [(0.5±0.1)μV] (P<0.05). The MEP latency [(11.5±1.0)ms] in the Argatroban group was significantly shorter than that in the injury group [(17.5±1.1)ms], and the amplitude [(4.8±0.8)μV] in the Argatroban group was lower than that in the injury group [(2.8±0.7)μV] (P<0.05). And the SEP or MEP latency and amplitude in the Argatroban group showed significant differences compared to the sham group [(7.5±1.0)ms, (7.5±1.0)μV](P<0.05). HE staining showed that the central area of the lesion in the Argatroban group [(0.35±0.04)mm2] was significantly smaller than that in the injury group [(0.71±0.05)mm2].@*Conclusion@#After spinal cord injury, argatroban can protect the spinal cord tissue effectively in the injured area and promote recovery of sensory and motor function in the hind limbs of rats.
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Objective To explore the difference of DNA methylation levels between normal Schwann cells (NSCs) and activated Schwann cells (ASCs) in rats. Methods The adult Wistar rats were received sciatic nerve ligation and fed for 7 days. The ASCs and NSCs were separated from ligated sciatic nerves and brachial plexus respectively. Immunocytochemical staining of S-100 antibody was used to identify the cells. The growth condition of cells was detected by CCK-8 method. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) was applied to filter the differentially methylated regions in ASCs and NSCs. The distribution of differentially methylated genes related with axonal regeneration in chromosome was analyzed, and Gene ontology(GO)and PATHWAY analysis were also conducted. Results High purity of ASCs and NSCs were obtained successfully, which were both positive for S-100 antibody. In the same culture condition, ASCs showed a faster proliferation than that of NSCs. A total of 177 176 differentially methylated regions were found by MeDIP-Seq. Among them, 1 097 were located in the promoter (≤1 kb), 1 136 in the promoter (1-2 kb) and 567 on the CpG. After functional annotation of differentially methylated genes, 214 differentially methylated genes related with axonal regeneration were found in ASCs and NSCs. Compared with NSCs, 191 genes were up-regulated and 23 genes were down-regulated in ASCs. These genes were located on different chromosomes, most of which on chromosome 12 (22 genes) and the least on chromosomes M (2 genes). GO analysis indicated that the differential methylated genes were involved in axon growth, axon formation, axon elongation and axon guidance. The MAPK, cell adhesion molecules, Ras signaling pathway may be related with the differential methylated genes. Conclusion The methylation levels between ASCs and NSCs are significantly different, which are probably related with axon regeneration.