RESUMEN
Aim: To evaluate body composition changes in HIV-infected patients and to identify the predictors of lipodystrophy over time. Methods: A cohort study, evaluated over two and a half years (Time 1: T1; Time 2: T2), including prepubertal HIV-infected children of both genders, between 7-12 years of age. Patient’s data such as transmission, use of prophylaxis for vertical HIV transmission, clinical and immunological classification of disease and current antiretroviral therapy were derived from the medical records. At T1, only subjects with pubertal stage 1 were included. Clinical, anthropometric, body composition and biochemical data were assessed. Patients were divided into two groups: with (LD+) and without lipodystrophy (LD-). Results: A total of 40 patients were enrolled, and 35 patients completed the study. Mean (SD) age was 9.6 (1.1) and 11.6 (1.2) years at T1 and T2, respectively. At T2, 16 (45.7%) children remained prepubertal. LD+ group (n = 8) showed a higher prevalence of short stature (p = 0.008) in T1; higher insulin (p = 0.010) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.013) and reduction of triceps skinfold thickness (p = 0.026) at T2. In both times, we observed lower concentrations of HDLc (p = 0.027), higher values of trunk to arm ratio (p = 0.002, p = 0.001) and lower values of limb to trunk ratio (p = 0.001) and gynoid fat (p= 0.001) in LD+ group. At T1, predictors of lipodystrophy were short stature (OR = 46.198, p = 0.019) and limb to trunk ratio (OR = 0.00009, p = 0.011); in T2, waist circumference (OR = 1.199, p = 0.025) and HDLc (OR = 0.835, p = 0.015). Presence of lipodystrophy was determinant of high insulin levels at T2. Conclusion: In a short period, LD+ group had significant changes in body fat distribution and also biochemical alterations associated to lipodystrophy syndrome.
RESUMEN
As autoras destacam a importância da síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida em Pediatria, bem como a necessidade de suspeita diagnóstica precoce por parte do pediatra. Estudam as manifestações clínicas da síndrome, decorrentes de infecções oportunistas por bactérias, fungos e vírus, problemas neurológicos, cardíacos e hematológicos. Resumem os aspectos atuais do tratamento da Aids com os medicamentos anti-retrovirais em associação, apresentando os esquemas preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e pelo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, dos Estados Unidos, nas várias situações clínicas e nos casos de falha terapêutica.