Molecular detection of Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in wild boars from Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina / Detección molecular de citomegalovirus porcino (PCMV) en jabalíes del noreste de la Patagonia argentina

ABSTRACT Porcine cytomegalovirus(PCMV) is a recognized pathogen of domestic swine that is widely distributed around the world. PCMV is the etiological agent of inclusion body rhinitis and has also been associated with other diseases that cause substantial losses in swine production. Wild boar populations can act as reservoirs of numerous infectious agents that affect pig livestock, including PCMV. The aim of this work was to assess the circulation of this virus in free-living wild boars that inhabit Northeastern Patagonia (Buenos Aires and Río Negro Provinces), Argentina. Nested-PCR assays were conducted to evaluate the presence of PCMV in samples of tonsil tissue collected from 62 wild boar individuals. It was found that the overall rate of infection was about 56%, with significant higher values (almost 90%) in the age group corresponding to piglets (animals less than 6 months old). In addition, a seasonal variation was observed in the PCMV detection rate, with an increase during the transition from summer to autumn. In conclusion, this study confirmed that wild boars are major carriers and dispersal agents of PCMV in Northeastern Patagonia, which raises the necessity to evaluate the extent to which this virus affects local livestock production.

RESUMEN El citomegalovirus porcino (CMVP) es un reconocido patógeno de los cerdos domésticos y cuenta con una amplia distribución mundial. Es el agente etiológico de la rinitis por cuerpos de inclusión y también se lo ha asociado con otras enfermedades que causan pérdidas sustanciales en la producción porcina. Las poblaciones de jabalíes pueden actuar como reservorios de numerosos agentes infecciosos que afectan al ganado porcino, incluido el CMVP. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la circulación de este virus en jabalíes de vida libre que habitan en la región noreste de la Patagonia argentina, en las provincias de Buenos Aires y Río Negro. Se realizaron ensayos de PCR anidada para evaluar la presencia de CMVP en muestras de tejido de amígdalas tomadas de 62 jabalíes. Se encontró que la tasa general de infección fue de aproximadamente el 56%, con valores significativamente más altos (casi el 90%) en el grupo de edad correspondiente a los lechones (animales con menos de 6meses). Además, se observó una variación estacional en la tasa de detección de CMVP, con un incremento durante la transición de verano a otoño. En conclusión, este estudio confirmó que los jabalíes son importantes portadores y agentes de dispersión del CMVP en el noreste patagónico, lo cual plantea la necesidad de evaluar en qué medida este virus afecta la producción ganadera local.

Extraction of protein concentrate from red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation

Red Bean Protein Concentrate (RBPC) and their hydrolysates were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. TheRBPC protein content was in the range of 57.38%–72.68% of the total sample content. RBPC protein profile showeda range of 15–100 kDa. Phaseolin protein was identified with bands of 45 and 50 kDa. Phaseolin protein was foundin all the RBPC samples at the different pHs assayed. In the gastric digestion phase, bands from 60 to 100 kDa weretotally hydrolyzed with pepsin. Phaseolin protein (45 and 50 kDa) presented resistance to gastric hydrolysis. All theRBPCs and gastrointestinal digest presented antioxidant activity using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP),2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), andthiobarbituric acid reactive substances using the in vitro and in vivo methods. RBPC at pH 7.0 presented a value of95.80 µmoL TE/g of RBPC (FRAP); 257.12 µmoL TE/g of RBPC (ABTS), and 1960 µmoL TE/g of RBPC (ORAC).Duodenal digest of RBPC presented high antioxidant activity with 225.77 µmoL TE/g of digest (FRAP); 345.21 µmoLTE/g of digest (ABTS); and 3256 µmoL TE/g of digest (ORAC). Gastric and duodenal digest of RBPC were usedto inhibit lipid peroxidation using the in vitro method presenting a value of 87.95% and 93.0%, respectively. Whenthe in vivo method in zebrafish larvae was used, values were 79.03% and 86.76%, respectively. RBPCs showed noreactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition. However, RBPCs with gastric and gastrointestinal digests, presented ROSinhibition, 75.30% for gastric digests and 66.40% for gastrointestinal digests.