Lumbar spine synovial cysts. A case report and review of the literature

This paper reports the case of a sixty-year-old man who presented with backache and radiculopathy secondary to the development of a lumbar spinal synovial cyst following an episode of trauma. There was resection of the cyst with partial facetectomy. Current literature reports are outlined.

Impact of the prehospital trauma life support programme in Trinidad and Tobago

The impact of the Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) programme, introduced in Trinidad and Tobago in 1992, was assessed by questionnaires completed by 26 medical personnel (MP); 71 ambulance personnel (AP); and 50 non ambulance paramedical personnel (NAP). Of the 23 MP, 45 AP and 38 NAP who were aware of the programme, 19 (82.6) MP, 40 (88.9) AP and 25 (65.8) NAP were able to differentiate personnel that had taken the PHTLS programme based on their performance. 32 (71.1) of the AP were PHTLS trained. 24 (53.3) and 4 (9) of the AP identified poor equipment and poor supervision, respectively, as reasons for difficulty in applying PHTLS principles. Improvements observed among those completing the PHTLS programme were: improved resuscitation techniques by 20 (86.9) MP, 38 (84.4) AP and 27 (71.1) NAP; better vital signs recording by 8 (34.8) MP, 27 (60) AP and 8 (21.1) NAP; improved immobilization by 23 (100) MP, 40 (88.9) AP and 33 (86.8) NAP; better haemorrhage control by 22 (95.6) MP, 40 (88.9) AP and 24 (63.2) NAP; appropriate splinting of fractures by 23 (100) MP, 40 (88.9) AP and 32 (84.2) NAP; and increased utilization of oxygen by 15 (65.2) MP, 31 (68.9) AP and 21 (55.3) NAP. 32 (71.1) AP with PHTLS training indicated improvement in their ability to resuscitate and transport trauma victims, with 42 (93.3) reporting improvement in overall prehospital care. Medical, paramedical and ambulance personnel all perceive a significant positive impact of PHTLS training on prehospital trauma care. Although improvements in supervision, documentation and equipment are still required, improved trauma resuscitative techniques after PHTLS training should improve trauma patient outcome in Trinidad and Tobago.