RESUMEN
The purpose of this research is to study the standardization of speaking and reading rates in a group of normal speaker of female students, and to compare them. As the rate of speech is an important variable in the evaluation and treatment of stuttering, cluttering, dysarthria and apraxia. One hundred of second grade students of primary school and an equal number of fifth grade students participated in this study. All subjects were native speakers of Farsi, who passed an informal, screening test of articulation and speech. None of the subjects had a history of speech, hearing, or neurological disorders. The subjects were asked to read from the 180 words portion of their Farsi book and tell story. Their speech was recorded by using a tape recorder. Then the data were analyzed for word and syllable rate. In transcribing the samples, single morpheme was counted as single word and compound words were counted as two words if they had two free morphemes. Non-word interjections were excluded from word and syllable counts while word interjections and repeated words were included in the count. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used for analyzing. In the second grade students the reading rate is, on the average, 189.4 syllable per minute [SPM][94.9 word per minute[WPM], 3.1 syllable per second [SPS]] and the talking rate is 189.8 SPM [99.1 WPM, 3.1 SPS] and in the fifth grade student the reading rate is 223.9 SPM [119.0 WPM, 3.7SPS] and the talking rate is 210.26 SPM [109.5 WPM, 3.4 SPS]. The result highlight that in the fifth grade students, reading rates are higher than talking rates while in the second grade they are not, because they do not have enough skills for whole word reading. A remarkable finding in this research is that, reading and talking rates in the fifth grade students are higher than the second grade students
RESUMEN
Research on speech characteristics of the persons with schizophrenia is a major topic in the field of clinical linguistics and speech therapy. Despite its relatively long history in the western literature, it has not been well recognized in Iran. This study sought to identify outstanding features of speech in persons with schizophrenia as compared to normal individuals, for enhanced clinical application. In this cross-sectional analytical study two groups of 22 persons were selected as the schizophrenia [5 females, 17 males] and control [5 females, 17 males] groups. Their speech samples were obtained using the spontaneous speech section of the Persian Disorganized Speech Scale, and linguistics analysis was done on five speech domains. Data were then analyzed statistically by independent t- and Mann-Whitney tests. Analyses revealed no weird phonological transformation or break of semantic - syntax filters in either of groups. The patient group had a significantly lower percentage of command morphemes and a significantly higher percentage of diction morphemes. Frequency of neologism and percentage of errors in the speech integrity and continuity were markedly higher in the patient group. The results revealed basic differences in the speech of persons with schizophrenia as compared to normal individuals in the domains of neologism, speech integrity and continuity, and frequency of using diction and command morphemes