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Coptidis Rhizoma, as a bulk medicinal material, is in great demand in clinical practice. Its quality is uneven in the market due to the mixture of genuine, counterfeit and adulterants. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a quality control system for Coptidis Rhizoma. Based on the concept of Chinese medicine quality marker(Q-marker), the potential quality markers of Coptidis Rhizoma were analyzed and predicted from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology. The sources of the Q-markers of Coptidis Rhizoma were identified by literature retrieval. The potential Q-markers were then screened through the visualization of the "components-targets-pathways" network. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to establish a multi-indicator qualitative and quantitative control method featuring fingerprints for 10 batches of Coptidis Rhizoma. A supervised mode of orthogonality partial least squares method-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) was used to screen the main marker components that caused differences between groups. The literature review results showed that the alkaloids were the main source of Coptidis Rhizoma Q-markers.The fingerprints of 13 common peaks were successfully established, and berberine, palmatine, berberine and epiberberine were selected as Q-markers of Coptidis Rhizoma, and their contents were determined.Based on the concept of the Q-marker of traditional Chinese medicine, the four components can be selected as the Q-marker of Coptidis Rhizoma after comprehensive consideration. The results of this study are not only conducive to the quality evaluation of Coptidis Rhizoma on the market, but also provide a reference for the overall quality control of Coptidis Rhizoma and lay foundation for the future exploration of the mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Análisis Multivariante , RizomaRESUMEN
Objective:The effects of Atractylodes lancea， A. coreana， A. japonica， A. chinensis and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma on spleen-Qi deficiency rats were compared. Method:A model of spleen-Qi deficiency was induced in rats by diet and overwork.The rats are given different suspensions of A.japonica， A.chinesis， A.coreana， A.lancea and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma To test the indicators of the digestive system， immune system and antioxidant enzyme system related to spleen deficiency.Compare the similarities and differences between Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Atractylodis Rhizoma from four different sources. Result:All the drug-administered groups can increase the levels of γ interferon （IFN-γ）， gastric secrete element（GAS），serum amylase （AMS） and catalase（CAT） in rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome，in addition to the CAT index， the other indicators of the A. coreana， A.japonica， and A.lancea were significantly increased（P<0.05）. The MTL content of the A.chinesis， A.lancea， A.coreana and A.japonica increased and was significant（P<0.05）. The SDH content of A.japonica.and A.chinesis increased， and the difference was not significant.The increase of GSH-Px in the A.chinesis is significant（P<0.05）. All the drug-administered groups can reduce the content of IgG， TNF-α and MDA in rats with spleen deficiency and deficiency syndrome. Among them， the IgG content of the A.chinesis. and the A.lancea was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The content of TNF-α in A.japonica group was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The content of MDA in the A.chinesis， the A.lancea， the A.coreana，the A.japonica and the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.The decrease of IL-6 in the A.lancea was significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Four different sources of Atractylodes Rhizome and A.macrocephala have certain therapeutic effects on spleen-deficiency rats with deficiency syndrome.The therapeutic effect of A.lancea and A.japonica is basically the same，regulating the absorption，secretion and elimination of inflammation in the digestive system of rats with spleen deficiency A.coreana， A.chinesis， and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma have certain regulatory effects in the digestive system， digestive tract inflammation， and antioxidant enzymes.
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Objective: To identify the genetic relationship of cultivated and wild Atractylodes and its closely related species by using the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2(ITS2)barcode,in order to explore the cultivation origin of A. coreana from Northeast China. Method: Genomic DNAs were extracted from 40 samples of Atractylodes and its closely related species from different cultivated habitats,and 7 samples of wild A. coreana. were also extracted. The ITS2 sequences of these samples were amplified, and bidirectional sequencing was conducted by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Totally 47 ITS2 sequences were aligned by using MEGA 5.0,5.8S and 28S sequences were removed to obtain the complete ITS2 sequence and build neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. Result: The lengths of ITS2 sequences of all samples were 232 bp. The NJ tree and the secondary structures of ITS2 showed that various varieties could be distinguished obviously except A. chinesis and A. coreana,which showed a good monophyly. The NJ tree showed that cultivated and wild A. coreana can also get together very well. Conclusion: As a DNA barcode,ITS2 sequences can be used to stably and accurately distinguish various varieties of Atractylodes. The relationship between A. chinesis and A. coreana is very close. A. coreana can be considered as a variant of A. coreana in North China. It is recommended to incorporate A. coreana into A. chinesis. The large-scale cultivation of A. coreana may originate from local wild population in Liaoning province,and the provenance may come from Xiuyan and other places in Liaoning province.
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It is reviewed in this article that the current situation of patients′ adherence to anticoagulation with warfarin after mechanical heart-valve replacement and the measures to improve the situation. Now the adherence situation of the patients is not satisfying to some extent. There are many things we can do to improve the adherence of patients and get a better anticoagulant effect, such as enhancing the health education according to the different background of patients, strengthening the social and psychological support, carrying out effective follow-up and information communication with the patients, the use of the medicine branch box, importing the foreign managing model of self-test and self-manage, expanding the special outpatient service for anticoagulation instruction. We may get a better adherence of anticoagulation with warfarin and improve the prognosis of patients.
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It is reviewed in this article that the current situation of patients′ adherence to anticoagulation with warfarin after mechanical heart-valve replacement and the measures to improve the situation. Now the adherence situation of the patients is not satisfying to some extent. There are many things we can do to improve the adherence of patients and get a better anticoagulant effect, such as enhancing the health education according to the different background of patients, strengthening the social and psychological support, carrying out effective follow-up and information communication with the patients, the use of the medicine branch box, importing the foreign managing model of self-test and self-manage, expanding the special outpatient service for anticoagulation instruction. We may get a better adherence of anticoagulation with warfarin and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Background and purpose:Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death throughout the world.When compared with optimal supportive care alone,combination chemotherapy yields a significant advantage in the management of advanced gastric cancer.However,no single regimen has emerged or been accepted as being clearly superior over another.Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of "docetaxel+ cisplatin + fluorouracil" 5-day combination chemotherapy as treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Between 2004 January and 2005 July,we enrolled 30 patients [males 22,median age 53 years(range 28-72)] with advanced gastric cancer.The regimen consisted of docetaxel 75 mg/m~(2) on day 1,cisplatin 15 mg/ m~(2) on days 1-5,and fluorouracil 500 mg/ m~(2) on days 1-5,every 3 weeks.All patients received over two cycles of this regimen.Results:A total of 99 cycles were administered.Mean cycle number per patient was 3.3.The administered dose intensity of docetaxel was 23.5 mg/m~(2)/week,fluorouracil 735 mg/ m~(2)/week and cisplatin 14.7 mg/ m~(2)/week,which corresponded to 94%,97.5% and 92.3% of planned doses.Of these patients,16(53.3%) achieved a partial response,8(26.6%) stable disease,and 6 patients(20%) showed progressive disease.The median time to progression was 5.1 months.(95% CI 4.1-6.0 months).Median overall survival was 9.9 months.(95% CI 8.1-11.6 months).Leukopenia occurred during 36.7% of cycles(36 of 99 cycles);18.2% grade Ⅰ,10.1% grade Ⅱ,5.0% grade Ⅲ and 3.0% grade Ⅳ.Anemia occurred in 12.1%(12 of 99 cycles);7.1% grade Ⅰ and 5.0% grade Ⅱ.Thrombocytopenia was 15.2%(15 of 99 cycles) and all were grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ.Diarrhea,stomatitis and hypersensitivity occurred in 16.7%(5 out of 30 patients),respectively.Neutropenic fever occurred in two patients(6.7%) and myalgia in nine(30%).Conclusions:Docetaxel combined with fluorouracil and cisplatin is an active and tolerable regimen for the treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer.