Microleakage under orthodontic metal brackets bonded with three different bonding techniques with/without thermocycling

The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of beneath the orthodontic brackets bonded with 3 different bonding techniques and evaluate the effect of thermocycling. One hundred and twenty premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups, received the following treatment: group 1: 37% phosphoric acid gel+Unite primer+Unite adhesive, group 2: 37% phosphoric acid gel+ Transbond XT primer+Transbond XT adhesive, group 3: Transbond plus Self Etching Primer [TSEP]+Transbond XT adhesive. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were similar to groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Evaluation of microleakage was done following to thermocycling test. After bonding, the specimens were sealed with nail varnish except for 1 mm around the brackets and then stained with 0.5% basic fuchsine. The specimens were sectioned at buccolingual direction in 2 parallel planes and evaluated under a stereomicroscope to determine the amount of microleakage at bracket-adhesive and adhesive-enamel interfaces from gingival and occlusal margins. Microleakage was observed in all groups, and increased significantly after thermocycling at some interfaces of Unite adhesive group and conventional etching+Transbond XT adhesive group, but the increase was not significant in any interface of TSEP group. With or without thermocycling, TSEP displayed more microleakage than other groups. In most groups, microleakage at gingival margin was significantly higher than occlusal margin. Thermocycling and type of bonding technique significantly affect the amount of microleakage

[Shear bond strength of amalgam to dentin using different dentin adhesive systems]

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the shear bond strength of amalgam to dentin using four dentin adhesive systems. One hundred human molars were selected. After enamel removal, a dentin cylinder with 3 mm thickness was prepared. Eighty specimens were resorted with amalgam and four dentin adhesive systems as follows [n=20]: group 1, Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose; group 2, One Coat Bond; group 3, PQ1; and group 4, Panavia-F. In group 5, 20 specimens were resorted with amalgam and varnish as control group. The specimens were incubated at 37[degree]C for 24 h. The shear bond strengths were then measured by using push out method. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan's tests. Mean values for bond strengths of test groups were as follows: group 1=21.03 +/- 8.9, group 2=23.47 +/- 9, group 3=13.16 +/- 8.8, group 4=20.07 +/- 8.9 and group 5=14.15 +/- 8.7 MPa +/- SD. One-way ANOVA showed the statistically significant difference between the bond strengths of five groups [P=0.001]. Post hoc Duncan's test showed significant difference between groups 1and 3 [P=0.008], groups 1 and 5 [P=0.019], groups 2 and 5 [P=0.008], groups 4 and 5 [P=0.042], and groups 3 and 4 [P=0.018]. Results of this study showed that the bond strength of amalgam to dentin using One Coat Bond as dentin adhesive system was higher than that observed in other dentin adhesive systems.