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Objective To establish a deep learning-based visual model for intelligent recognition of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and evaluate the effects of different training strategies for O. hupensis image recognition. Methods A total of 2 614 datasets of O. hupensis snails and 4 similar snails were generated through field sampling and internet capture, and were divided into training sets and test sets. An intelligent recognition model was created based on deep learning, and was trained and tested. The precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F1 score and Youden index were calculated. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the model for snail recognition was plotted to evaluate the effects of “new learning”, “transfer learning” and “transfer learning + data enhancement” training strategies on the accuracy of the model for snail recognition. Results Under the “transfer learning + data enhancement” strategy, the precision, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden index and F1 score of the model were 90.10%, 91.00%, 97.50%, 96.20%, 88.50% and 90.51% for snail recognition, which were all higher than those under both “new learning” and “transfer learning” strategies. There were significant differences in the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the model for snail recognition under “new learning”, “transfer learning” and “transfer learning + data enhancement” training strategies (all P values < 0.001). In addition, the area under the ROC curve of the model was highest (0.94) under the “transfer learning + dataenhancement” training strategy. Conclusions This is the first visual model for intelligent recognition of O. hupensis based on deep learning, which shows a high accuracy for snail image recognition. The “transfer learning + data enhancement” training strategy is helpful to improve the accuracy of the model for snail recognition.
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Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.
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Schistosomiasis was once heavily endemic in Jiangsu Province. Following the control efforts for several decades, schistosomiasis was almost eradicated in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province in 1980, and transmission control was achieved in the province in 2011. According to the principle of “implementing the control measures with adaptation to local circumstances and guiding the control programs with classified interventions”, an integrated strategy with emphasis on the management of both infectious sources and snails has been recently employed for schitsosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province. In addition, a sensitive and highly effective surveillance system has been built and the application of novel techniques and information construction has been intensified to effectively interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in the Province. Transmission interruption of schistosomiasis was achieved in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province. The paper summarizes the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, progress of schistosomiasis control, and major schistosomiasis control measures implemented during the stage of transmission interruption in Jiangsu Province.
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Schistosomiasis was once heavily endemic in Jiangsu Province. Following the control efforts for several decades, schistosomiasis was almost eradicated in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province in 1980, and transmission control was achieved in the province in 2011. According to the principle of “implementing the control measures with adaptation to local circumstances and guiding the control programs with classified interventions”, an integrated strategy with emphasis on the management of both infectious sources and snails has been recently employed for schitsosomiasis control in Jiangsu Province. In addition, a sensitive and highly effective surveillance system has been built and the application of novel techniques and information construction has been intensified to effectively interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in the Province. Transmission interruption of schistosomiasis was achieved in all endemic counties in Jiangsu Province. The paper summarizes the endemic situation of schistosomiasis, progress of schistosomiasis control, and major schistosomiasis control measures implemented during the stage of transmission interruption in Jiangsu Province.
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Objective To set up and apply the evaluation standards for photography of schistosomiasis control theme,so as to offer the scientific advice for enriching the health information carrier of schistosomiasis control.Methods Through the litera-ture review and expert consultation,the evaluation standard for photography of schistosomiasis control theme was formulated. The themes were divided into 4 projects,such as new construction,natural scenery,working scene,and control achievements. Results The evaluation criteria of the theme photography were divided into the theme(60%),photographic composition (15%),focus exposure(15%),and color saturation(10%).A total of 495 pictures(sets)from 59 units with 77 authors were collected from schistosomiasis epidemic areas national wide.After the first-step screening and second-step evaluation,the prizes of 3 themes of control achievements and new construction,working scene,and natural scenery were selected,such as 6 pictures of first prize,12 pictures of second prize,18 pictures of third prize,and 20 pictures of honorable prize.Conclusions The eval-uation standards of theme photography should be taken into the consideration of the technical elements of photography and the work specification of schistosomiasis prevention and control.In order to improve the ability of records for propaganda purpose of schistosomiasis control and better play a role of guiding correct propaganda,the training and guidance of photography of profes-sionals should be carried out.
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This paper reviews the huge promotion of Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems entitled"Farewell to the God of Plague"which were published 60 years ago,and the great achievements of the national schistosomiasis control programme in Chi-na.The publication of the two poems promotes the establishment of the mechanism for the national schistosomiasis control pro-gramme in China,and in addition,the schistosomiasis control spirit of the people from Yujiang County is still the source of power for the promotion of transferring the schistosomiasis control to elimination stage in China.Now,that we commemorate the 60th an-niversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong's two poems entitled"Farewell to the God of Plague"means we remain the true to our original aspiration to serve the people forever,which is also to promote the progress of schistosomiasis elimination in China according to the law,the scientific principle,and local conditions,so as to contribute our efforts for realizing the healthy China's dream.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of E-max press ceramic onlay restoration of endodontically treated posterior teeth.Methods 36 endodontically treated posterior teeth were restored with E-max press ceramic onlay.After 6 and 12 months,the patients were recalled.The teeth with restoration were assessed by using the modified USPHS criteria including secondary caries,gingivitis,tooth fracture,marginal discoloration,marginal integrity criteria and restoration fracture/debond,etc.Results 100％ of the restorations displayed good results,92％ of the restorations did not have gingival inflammation and food impaction.Conclusion Ceramic orlay made by E-max press is an effective restoration for endodontically treated posterior teeth.
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Objective To report the preliminary results of drug eluting stents (DES) in infrapopliteal bifurcation lesions after failed angioplasty.Methods From April 2011 to December 2013, 21 patients with critical limb ischemia and infrapopliteal atherosclerotic disease underwent DES placement in tibial bifurcation using 4 techniques: balloon and stent (single stent), T-shape double-stent, Crush double-stent and Culotte double-stent.Clinical and angiographic end points included: Amputation-free survival, target lesion revascularization (TLR)-free survival, target vessel revascularization (TVR)-free survival.Angiographic primary and secondary patency of DES, 2-vessel primary patency (2VPP), and 1-vessel primary patency (1VPP).Results Technical success was achieved in all patients (100％) without major intraoperative complications.ABI increased from 0.23 ± 0.07 to 0.67 ± 0.24 (P ＜ 0.05) after 1 week.The mean follow-up intervals were 23 ± 7 months;amputation-free survival, TLR-free survival and TVR-free survival were 100％, 90.5％ and 79.1％, respectively, at 1 year.8 patients underwent angiography reevaluation.The angiographic primary and secondary patency of DES were 62.5％, 87.5％, respectively.The primary patency of 2VVP and 1VVP were 28.6％, 57.1％, respectively at 1 year.Conclusions Bifurcation stenting techniques utilized in coronary arteries can be used in the infrapopliteal arteries.Although provisional stenting in the origin of tibial bifurcation cannot inhibit restenosis in distal lesions treated with balloon angioplasty, clinical outcomes and limb salvage rates are acceptable for these techniques.
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Objective To observe the incidence and the rate of embolism in patients undergoing hysteroscopy procedures by using the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), as well as the changes of respiratoric and haemodynamic variables. Methods Fourty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients undergoing hysteroscopy procedures under general anesthesia received intraoperative TEE monitoring. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure, the incidence of the venous gas embolism (VGE) and the eegmental wall motion abnormality (SWMAs) were observed. Results In the 40 patients, 38 patients received intravenous anesthesia hysteroscopic surgery, with the intraoperative TEE to monitor the intracardiac VGE. The degree of gas embolism was related with the perfusion and the usage of monopolar or bipolar diathermia (P<0.05). The systolic pulmonary artery pressure promoted and SWMAs were also observed. Conclusions The continue TEE monitor during hysteroscopy could detect the intracardiac gas embolism in time , contributing to early diagnosis and avoiding the occurrence of malignant arrhythmias or myocardial ischemic events.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effects of opposing needling and routine acupuncture for treatment of poststroke shoulder-hand syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases were randomly divided into an opposing needling group and a routine acupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. In the two groups, Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), etc. were selected, with on the healthy side selected for the opposing needling group and on the affected side selected for the routine acupuncture group. The motor function of the affected limb was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer scale, activity of daily living by ADL scale, and pain by VAS, and the edema degree was investigated before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences before treatment and after 2 therapeutic courses in the scores of Fugl-Meyer for the upper limb motor function and the ADL score for activity of daily living (both P<0.05), with the opposing needling group being significantly better than the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05); after treatment, both the edema degree and the pain scores significantly decreased (both P<0.05), with the opposing needling group in improvement of the edema degree being better the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05), and with no significant difference between the two groups in improvement of pain (P>0.05); the total effective rate was 93.3% in the opposing needling group and 90.0% in the routine acupuncture group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical therapeutic effect of the opposing needling is better than that of routine acupuncture therapy for treatment of poststroke shoulder hand syndrome.</p>
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Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Puntos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Métodos , Agujas , Distrofia Simpática Refleja , Terapéutica , Accidente CerebrovascularRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a minimum medical geographic information systems (GIS) database as a spatial decision supporting system (SDSS), and to use the database into public health practice in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Spatial data collected from different sources were standardized as decimal degree format, including: (1) satellite images covering areas of China; (2) digital maps of China in vector files; (3) diseases database and relevant models.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Necessary satellite images for the database have been collected from NOAA AVHRR, Landsat TM, etc., including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images from AVHRR, earth surface temperature images from AVHRR, GTOPO30 DEM images from USGS and landuse images from USGS. The digital vector files for GIS analysis were collected including political (county, provinces, country) boundaries file, environmental (drainage, land cover, soil type) vector file, population data and climate data; Data on diseases mainly generated from survey or case reporting. Relevant models on transmission of Schistosoma japonicum and Plasmodium vivax, and models of Oncomelania hupensis and Anophores sinansis were developed, and the relevant environmental factors related to incidence of cancers were mapped, to test and verify those database.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The database unified the data from different sources for users. Minimum medical data included in the database could be used in the practice of public health. It is expected that this database be used in a wider range.</p>
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Animales , Humanos , Anopheles , Parasitología , China , Epidemiología , Bases de Datos Factuales , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Vectores de Enfermedades , Ecología , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Malaria , Epidemiología , Plasmodium vivax , Comunicaciones por Satélite , Esquistosomiasis Japónica , Epidemiología , Caracoles , ParasitologíaRESUMEN
0.05;AGC R 1 to R 2 P 0.05.The invasive depth of the lesion corresponded to the degree of lymph node metastases.No relation was found between tumor size and the survival rate.The prognosis of type Ⅲ EGC and AGC with infiltration was poor.Conclusions: Biological behavior of gastric cancer can be used as a guide to operation type.We proposed that EGC should undergo subtotal gastrectomy plus R 1 or selective R 2 ,and AGC should undergo subtotal gastrectomy or near total gastrectomy plus R 2 or selective R 3 ,with a margin of at least 5 cm from the tumor.