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Background: Clinical examination may suffice in making diagnosis of most dermatologic disorders but histopathological examination is often required to confirm the diagnosis and further categorize the lesions. Authors carried out this study to analyse the demographic and histomorphological characteristics of skin lesions, to determine the frequency of various dermatological disorders in the region and to evaluate the agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis.Methods: Punch biopsies of skin lesions received in histopathology section, were included in the study. Cases over a period of six months were analysed. Clinical details were recorded and histopathological analysis done. Special stains were applied wherever required.Results: Of the 120 cases studied, maximum cases fell in the category of 31-40 years, with male predominance. Authors observed wide variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Infectious diseases were the most common of all pathologies. Leprosy was the most common histopathological diagnosis. Complete clinicopathologic correlation was seen in 51.67% of cases while partial correlation was noted in 23.33% making a total of 75%. 25% histopathological diagnosis were inconsistent with the clinical diagnosis.Conclusions: Histopathology is a gold standard investigation and plays a very important role in confirmation of clinical diagnosis of various skin lesions. Punch biopsy is a relatively easy outpatient procedure to perform.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among females in India. It is also one of the major causes of deaths among them. Papanicolaou (Pap) cytological test helps in detecting the early epithelial abnormalities in cervical cells. The morbidity and mortality due to cervical cancer has come down in countries with well-established screening programmes at national level. This study was conducted to emphasize the value of cervical screening as a tool for early detection of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of cervix. Slide positivity rate was computed and clinico-pathological correlation was done. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014 (3 years), on 2202 women aged between 20-70 years coming for a Pap smear examination in a tertiary care hospital in Bareilly, India. After staining with conventional Papanicolaou technique, all cases were classified as per Bethesda nomenclature (2001). Results: Out of 2202 cases, 85.16% slides were found to be negative for intraepithelial abnormalities and 14.84% slides were labelled as positive for epithelial lesions. 97.67% of high grade lesions were found in women more than 40 years. Smears with epithelial cell abnormality were found more common in older age groups whereas smears negative for epithelial cell abnormality were found more common in young age groups. Conclusion: Pap test is a cost effective cancer screening and is a simple method to detect various lesions of cervix, non-neoplastic as well as neoplastic. High risk screening programmes should be directed to all women >40 years. Pap test is especially useful to diagnose precancerous lesions of cervix, thereby early detection of these lesions & subsequent proper treatment can be helpful in prevention of cervical cancer.
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Despite of various nutritional health programmes, malnutrition among children remains the big health problem in India. Even after the universalization of ICDS, India has biggest burden of malnourished children in the world. Suboptimal utilization of services by mothers is a big challenge before all programmes. Utilization of services also depends upon the awareness regarding the service and its perceived usefulness among beneficiaries. Therefore, the present study was conducted to know the awareness about the growth chart and its determinants among rural mothers. Study was conducted on 186 mothers selected from three villages. Chi square test and F test were applied wherever necessary. Results showed low level of awareness (38.17%) among the mothers regarding growth charting. Majority of mothers reported peripheral health functionaries i.e. ASHA (36.62%) & Anganwari worker (39.44%) as source of information. Distance from Health facility did not affect the knowledge of mothers. However, socio economic status and educational level of mothers were significantly associated with presence of awareness among mothers.