Clinical study of double plate system in the treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in the elderly / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical outcomes of anteromedial combined with lateral locking plate for complex proximal humeral fractures in the eldery.@*METHODS@#From June 2018 to October 2020, 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for Neer grade 3 to 4 proximal humeral fractures, including 8 males and 22 females, aged from 51 to 78 years old with an average of (61.5±7.5) years old. Of them, 15 patients had fractures fixed with anteromedial combined with lateral locking plate(ALLP group), whereas 15 received internal fixation with proximal humerus locking plate only(PHLP group). The clinical data, simple shoulder test (SST), humeral head height loss, varus angle and shoulder range of motion were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#All fractures were healed. The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 24 months, with an average of(14.3±2.9) months. The operation time of ALLP group was longer than that of PHLP group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in SST score between the two groups at 1, 3 and 12 months after operation (P>0.05). In terms of radiographic measurement, there was no significant difference in humeral head height loss and varus angle between the two groups at 1 and 3 months after operation (P>0.05). At 12 months after operation, the height loss and varus angle of humeral head in ALLP group were lower than those in PHLP group (P<0.05). In shoulder range of motion, the range of forward elevation in ALLP group was larger than that in PHLP group 1 year after operation(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in external rotation between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Anteromedial combined with lateral locking plate in the treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures in the elderly can increase the stability of the medial column and obtain a good fracture prognosis. But there are also disadvantages such as longer operation time, so it should be individualized according to the fracture type of the patient.

Research progress and maturity assessment of continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The pharmaceutical manufacturing model is gradually changing from intermittent manufacturing to continuous manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing. This paper briefly reviewed the supervision and research progress in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing in China and abroad and described the definition and advantages of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. The continuous manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) at the current stage was summarized in the following three terms: the enhancement of the continuity of intermittent manufacturing operations, the integration of continuous equipment to improve physical continuity between units, and the application of advanced process control strategies to improve process continuity. To achieve continuous manufacturing of TCM, the corresponding key technologies, such as material property characterization, process modeling and simulation, process analysis technology, and system integration, were analyzed from the process and equipment, respectively. It was proposed that the continuous manufacturing equipment system should have the characteristics of high speed, high response, and high reliability, "three high(H~3)" for short. Considering the characteristics and current situation of TCM manufacturing, based on the two dimensions of product quality control and production efficiency, a maturity assessment model for continuous manufacturing of TCM, consisting of operation continuity, equipment continuity, process continuity, and quality control continuity, was proposed to provide references for the application of continuous manufacturing technology for TCM. The implementation of continuous manufacturing or the application of key continuous manufacturing technologies in TCM can help to systematically integrate advanced pharmaceutical technology elements and promote the uniformity of TCM quality and the improvement of production efficiency.

Effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on tuberculin skin test / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　This paper aims to explore the effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on the sensitivity of tuberculin skin test(TST), and to provide reference for tuberculin skin test in the future. Methods　TST and emergency varicella vaccine were administered to students in grade one of a high school in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, who had both TB and varicella cases. Independent-samples t test was used to analyze the mean diameter of induration of TST in day 0, day 83 and day 195. The retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine on TST. 　　Results　The mean induration diameter of 45 students who participated in three TST tests on day 0, day 83 and day 195 were analyzed by independent sample t test. On day 0, there was a difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups(1.630±2.837 vs 5.818±4.530) (t=-3.692, P=0.001). On day 83, there was no difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the two groups(0.001±0.001 vs 0.114±0.533) (t=-1.000, P=0.329). On day 195, there was a difference in the mean diameter of TST induration between the two groups(1.913±3.774 vs 5.023±5.126) (t=-2.309, P=0.026). Moreover, the retrospective cohort study showed that the mean diameter of TST induration changed more significantly after inoculation with varicella vaccine, RR=6.071, 95%CI (1.667-22.116), P<0.05; After inoculation with varicella vaccine, the mean diameter of TST test did not change significantly from day 0 to day 195 with no statistical significance RR=3.474, 95%CI (0.333-36.240), P>0.05. Conclusions　Live attenuated varicella vaccine may temporarily affect the sensitivity of tuberculin skin test.

The specialist instruction for diagnosis and treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis and clinical application of Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule / 中华消化杂志

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) significantly increase the risk of gastric cancer. Blocking the development of CAG and GIM would help to decrease the incidence of gastric cancer. It was revealed that eradication of Helicobacter pylori could reverse gastric mucosa atrophy. Recent studies reported that GIM could be reversed to a certain extent. Clinical studies demonstrated that Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule exhibited significant reversal effects on GIM. The present study systemically reviewed the diagnosis and treatment of CAG and clinical application of Lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule, and established the specialist instruction that would guide the reversal treatment of CAG and GIM.

Efficacy observation of long-segment pedicle screw reduction and internal fixation combined with kyphoplasty in the treatment of stage Ⅲ reducible Kummell disease / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of long-segment pedicle screw reduction and internal fixation combined with kyphoplasty in the treatment of stage Ⅲ reducible Kummell disease. Methods: The clinical data of 32 patients with stage Ⅲ reducible Kummell disease treated at the Department of Orthopedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine from January 2012 to March 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 7 males and 25 females,aged (71.8±6.7)years(range:61 to 86 years).The injured segment was T10 in 1 patient,T11 in 8 patients,T12 in 13 patients,L1 in 7 patients,L2 in 2 patients and L3 in 1 patient.Preoperative American spinal injury association(ASIA) classification of patients all showed grade D.Bone mineral density (BMD),spinal X-ray,CT and MRI were examined before operation.All patients were treated with postural reduction, long-segment pedicle screw reduction and internal fixation combined with kyphoplasty.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,length of stay and postoperative complications were recorded.The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) as well as the BMD of hip were collected before and after operation.The Cobb angle of involved segment kyphosis and the height of anterior edge of diseased vertebrae were measured before operation,3 days and 12 months after operation.CT-related parameters were measured before and 3 days after operation,including sagittal anterior and posterior diameter of spinal canal,cross-sectional anterior and posterior diameter of spinal canal and cross-sectional spinal canal area.Paired sample t test and repeated measures were used to compare the data before and after operation. Results: All patients received the operation successfully.The operation time was (131.3±16.9) minutes (range:95 to 180 minutes),the blood loss was (82.5±27.1) ml (range:50 to 150 ml),and the length of stay was (8.3±2.4) days (range:5 to 14 days).All patients were followed up for more than 12 months.The VAS decreased gradually at 3 days,3 months,6 months and 12 months after operation,and the differences were statistically significant compared with the VAS before surgery (all P<0.01).ODI at 3,6 and 12 months after surgery was significantly improved compared with that before surgery(All P<0.01).The CT-related parameters at 3 days after operation were significantly higher than those before operation (All P<0.05).At 12 months after surgery,the Cobb angle decreased from (35.2±7.6) ° preoperatively to (4.3±1.7) ° (t=22.630,P<0.01),the height of anterior edge of diseased vertebrae increased from (4.3±1.0) mm preoperatively to (16.9±2.5) mm(t=-25.845,P<0.01),the bone mineral density of hip increased from -(2.2±0.6) preoperatively to -(2.8±0.6)(t=-0.040,P<0.01).Up to the last follow-up,2 patients had distal pedicle screw loosening, 1 patient had proximal junctional kyphosis,and there was no new vertebral fracture. Conclusions: Based on postural reduction,long-segment pedicle screw reduction and internal fixation combined with kyphoplasty is a safe and effective treatment method for stage Ⅲ reducible Kummell disease,which can reconstruct the stability of the diseased vertebrae.Postoperative standard anti-osteoporosis treatment is the basis to ensure the efficacy.

Formulation of technical guidelines in line with characteristics and principles of traditional Chinese medicine changes to improve quality of such preparations--interpretation of Technical guidelines for the study of pharmaceutical changes in traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

In leading the high-quality development of Chinese medicine preparations, it is an important link to formulate the scientific, reasonable, and feasible guidelines for the change of Chinese medicines in accordance with the change characteristics and principles of the Chinese medicines is an important work to promote the Technical guidelines for the study of pharmaceutical changes in traditional Chinese medicines was formed by a broad consensus based on the characteristics and research results of the pharmaceutical changes in Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM)with the principles of science and risk management. This guideline has clarified the basic principles and requirements for the evaluation of changes in TCM, specified the research and verification work of common change scenarios, defined the boundaries of changes in TCM, and proposed to encourage the use of new technologies, new methods, and new excipients that meet product characteristics. It will definitely promote the quality improvement and the secondary development of TCM. In this article, the revision background and main content of the guideline were introduced, and the main features of the Guideline were analyzed, in order to provide references for the industry.

Analysis of Grading Evaluation Standard of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the correlation between the characteristics and internal quality of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province through various quality evaluation, and provide reference for the formulation of grading standard of this herb. Method::For 28 batches of Ophiopogonis Radix, the characters, microscopic characteristics, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the content of moisture, ash content, acid insoluble ash content, residues of sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, hazardous elements and paclobutrazol, water-soluble extract, contents of total saponins and three major components [ophiopogonin D (OPD), methylophiopogonanone A (MPOA) and methylophiopogonanone B (MPOB)] were determined.The relationships between various indicators and the grade of Ophiopogonis Radix were analyzed. Result::Ophiopogonis Radix exhibited specific properties in characters, microscopic characteristics and TLC.The contents of impurity, moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and water-soluble extract existed differences in four grades of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province.For grade Ⅰ, grain number was 80-120 grains per 50 g, the moisture content was 11.1%-14.9%, total ash content was 1.6%-2.1%, acid-insoluble ash content was 0.03%-0.14%, water-soluble extract content was 77.0%-86.5%.For grade Ⅱ, grain number was 120-160 grains per 50 g, the moisture content was 13.1%-14.2%, total ash content was 1.3%-2.2%, acid-insoluble ash content was 0.06%-0.22%, water-soluble extract content was 75.9%-83.3%.For grade Ⅲ, grain number was 160-300 grains per 50 g, the impurity was 0.2%-8.4%, the moisture content was 12.6%-14.0%, total ash content was 1.2%-1.5%, acid-insoluble ash content was 0.06%-0.22%, water-soluble extract content was 74.0%-86.5%.For grade Ⅳ, grain number was 80-300 grains per 50 g, impurity was 1.2%-22.6%, the moisture content was 13.0%-15.4%, the total ash content was 1.4%-2.0%, acid-insoluble ash content was 0.03%-0.15%, water-soluble extract content was 79.8%-85.2%. Conclusion::It is reasonable and feasible to classify the grade of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province according to the appearance characteristics such as the grain number per 50 g and internal indexes such as impurity and water-soluble extract, which can be used as a reference for grading standards of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province.

Screening and Verification of Compatibility Proportion of Effective Components from Traditional Chinese Medicine of Diabetes / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To screen the best compatibility proportion of total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma total saponins (HS composition)by uniform design and pharmacological model and to observe the effect on diabetic complications. Method: The total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma total saponins were used as the research objects, U6(62) table was choosed for grouping design.The content of triglyceride fasting blood-glucose (FBG), prothrombin time (PT) and active partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was chosen as index. The best dose ratio was obtained by multipleregression analysis. Rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by high-fat diet combined streptozotocin were divided into blank group, model group, metformin group (150 mg·kg-1), HS composition group (total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma 360 mg·kg-1+ Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma total saponins 40 mg·kg-1). Rats were administered orally for 10 weeks.By observing the blood glucose, glucose tolerance,area under the curve (AUC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), hemorheological indexes and pathological changes of pancreas, heart, kidney and retina in rats of each group, the effect of this composition on diabetic complications was verified. Result: Combination of 625 mg·kg-1 total alkaloids of Coptidis Rhizoma and 60 mg·kg-1 Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma total saponins was the optimal dosage ratio of HS composition.The validation test showed that compared with blank group, the fasting blood glucose and lipid levels in the model group were significantly increased (PPPPPPPPPPPConclusion: The optimum compatibility dose of HS composition have a good therapeutic effect on diabetic complication rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin.

Modern Pharmacological Effect and Mechanism of Shengmai San / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shengmai San was first recorded in Medical Origin and Insights, a medical book written by ZHANG Yuan\|su. Shengmai San composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Ophiopogonis Radix and Schiandrae Chinensisin Fructus. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma as the monarch drug in the prescription has effects in invigorating vigour potently, and promoting production of body fluid to quench thirst. Ophiopogonis Radix as a sweet-cold minister drug has effects in nourishing yin, clearing heat and generating fluid and moistening lung to stop cough in the prescription. Both medicines are combined to have a good effect in replenishing Qi. Schiandrae Chinensisin Fructus is an adjuvant medicine, with effects in acid astringency, retaining Yin with astringent and hidroschesis. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma has effects in strengthening the healthy energy, and Ophiopogonis Radix has a effect in retaining yin with astringent. It is a classic prescription for treating deficiency of Qi and Yin. With the in-depth research of modern medical experts, it is found that Shengmai San not only has a significant therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases and endocrine system diseases, but also a good effect on digestive system diseases, immune system and hematopoietic system diseases and shock. As China's aging population, irregular diet and other problems become increasingly serious, the incidences of cardiovascular diseases, senile dementia, cerebral infarction, diabetes, liver dysfunction and other diseases have become higher and younger, which is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, by consulting a large number of domestic literatures, the authors respectively elaborated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shengmai San and its modified prescriptions on the above diseases, with the aim to reveal the target and mechanism of this prescription on the above diseases, provide theoretical basis for better treatment of the above diseases and promote the clinical application of this prescription. In addition, it provides reference ideas for the research of other classical famous formula.

Clinical application of the detection of heparin-binding protein in cerebrospinal fluid in intracranial infectious diseases / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of the levels of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for intracranial infectious diseases. Methods A case-control study was conducted. 150 patients after craniotomy(73 in the postoperative bacterial intracranial infection group, 77 in the postoperative non-infection group) admitted to the Department of Neurology of the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province from December 2016 to May 2018 were collected. At the same time, 46 patients without operation (14 in the non-bacterial intracranial infection group, 32 patients without intracranial infection were selected as control group whose white blood cell count (WBC) values in CSF were all below 10 × 106/L) in the same period were also collected. According to the diagnostic criteria for severe intracranial infection, the patients with bacterial intracranial infection were divided into 26 cases of mild intracranial infection group and 47 cases of severe intracranial infection group. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at the time of discharge, the patients were divided into 30 cases of good prognosis group (GOS score 4-5 points) and 43 cases of poor prognosis group (GOS score 1-3 points). The concentrations of HBP in CSF were tested with latex immunoturbidimetry, and the concentrations of procalcitonin(PCT) in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were tested with electrochemiluminescence, and cerebrospinal fluid routine were tested with instrument method, and the concentrations of total protein(TP) in cerebrospinal fluid were tested with turbidimetry. The differences of the laboratory test indicators in each group were statistically analyzed, and the levels of HBP in CSF of patients with different degrees of intracranial infection and different prognosis were compared. Comparison of two independent samples was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The HBP levels in cerebrospinal fluid were 187.00 (73.00, 635.00) ng/ml, 10.00 (3.50, 32.00) ng/ml, 1.50 (0, 4.00) ng/ml, 3.00 (1.00, 4.00) ng/ml in post-craniotomy bacterial intracranial infection group, uninfected group after craniotomy, non-bacterial intracranial infection group and control group respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of WBC count were 1280.00 (363.00, 4327.00)×106/L, 63.00 (18.50, 300.00)×106/L, 5.00 (3.00, 14.75)×106/L, 3.00 (2.00, 5.75)×106/L. The absolute value of cerebrospinal fluid neutrophils were 1216.00 (225.50, 3895.50)×106/L, 24.00 (2.00, 209.50)×106/L, 1.00 (1.00, 3.00)×106/L, 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)×106/L. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of PCT were 0.16 (0.10, 0.32) ng/ml, 0.09 (0.07, 0.14) ng/ml, 0.07 (0.06, 0.12) ng/ml, 0.07 (0.06, 0.13) ng/ml. The serum levels of PCT were 0.36 (0.15, 1.09) ng/ml, 0.09 (0.04, 0.16) ng/ml, 0.08 (0.04, 0.13) ng/ml, 0.07 (0.03, 0.11) ng/ml. The levels of HBP, WBC, neutrophils, PCT in CSF and serum PCT in the post-craniotomy bacterial intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those in the uninfected group after craniotomy (Z=-9.246,-6.759,-6.741,-4.477,-6.202, P<0.05), non-bacterial intracranial infection group(Z=-5.840,-5.412,-5.259,-2.923,-5.104,P<0.05) and the control group (Z=-7.905,-7.919,-7.335,-4.397,-5.474, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the levels of HBP, WBC and neutrophils in CSF(Z=-3.763,-3.444,-3.041,P<0.05) and no significant differences in CSF and serum PCT (Z=- 0.869, - 1.850, P>0.05)between the uninfected group after craniotomy and the non-bacterial intracranial infection group. There were significant differences in the levels of HBP, WBC and neutrophils in CSF(Z=-4.496,-6.685,-4.842,P<0.05) and no significant differences in CSF and serum PCT(Z=-0.676,-1.303, P>0.05)between the uninfected group after craniotomy and the control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of HBP, PCT in CSF and serum PCT (Z=-0.861,-0.514,-0.273, P>0.05)and significant differences in the levels of WBC and neutrophils in CSF(Z=-2.756,-3.060, P<0.05) between the non-bacterial intracranial infection group and the control group. The levels of HBP in CSF in the severe intracranial infection group were significantly higher than those in the mild intracranial infection group(Z=-6.267, P<0.05). The levels of HBP in CSF in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher than those in the good prognosis group(Z=-7.064, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection by HBP, WBC, neutrophils, TP, PCT in CSF and PCT in serum was 0.986, 0.987, 0.945, 0.945, 0.770 and 0.914, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for differential diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection and non-bacterial intracranial infection was 0.994, 0.958, 0.961, 0.929, 0.747 and 0.936, respectively. Conclusions HBP in CSF is an ideal indicator for the diagnosis of bacterial intracranial infection. It is important to distinguish between bacterial intracranial infection and non-bacterial intracranial infection. The extent of increase is related to the severity of infection and prognosis of the disease.

Mycorrhizal Diversity Associated to Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim. in China

Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) is the second largest family of angiosperms. It’s the "flagship" group in plant protection. The existence of orchid plant is closely related to mycorrhizal fungi. The relationship between orchids and their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi is a benefit to the protection and population restoration of orchids. Aims: The research was aimed to study molecular identification about 15 strains of mycorrhizal fungi from 6 plots by rDNA ITS technology in order to understand and utilise the mycorrhizal fungi of Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim. Study Design: The mycorrhizal fungi collected from different geographical locations were isolated and purified from the mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with Liparis japonica in Northeast China, which were identified by rDNA ITS, meanwhile computed evolutionary distance and constructed the phylogenetic tree. Place and Duration of Study: In 2017, the root segments of Liparis japonica were collected separately from Qianshan, Changbaishan, Gaoguan, Guanmenshan, Dongling, Daqinggou. Methodology: Fifteen strains of mycorrhizal fungi collected from six plots were identified by rDNA ITS. Using DNAMAN software to analyse, the pairwise homology was compared by using the optimal global sequencing option. The evolutionary distances of fifteen strains were calculated by MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) software package and their phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbour-joining method. Results: With primers ITS1 and ITS4, the 15 mycorrhizal fungi strains of rDNA ITS got about 600 bp length. ITS length was about 582-613 bp, in which ITS1 length was about 177-190 bp, and ITS2 length was 246-273 bp. The mycorrhizal fungi strains were highly homology separated from one plot, mostly above 90%. The plots from the south to the north were as follows: Qianshan, Guanmenshan, Gaoguan, Dongling, Changbaishan, Daqinggou in China. Fifteen strains after separated and purified were identified to be the Epulorhiza of Orchid Rhizoctonia blasted with Genbank. The homology of the strains gradually decreased affected by the difference of the north and the south, namely there was an increasing trend of diversity from south to north. Conclusion: The homology of mycorrhizal fungi from one plot was higher because of the same soil environment and climate environment and so on, and strain type was single. Under the influence of microclimate in Northeast China, the homology of strains decreased gradually in the sample area, that is, the diversity gradually increased from the south to the north.

Comparison of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography,Lenstar,and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for Central Corneal Thickness Measurement / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To compare the differences,correlation,and consistency among central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT),Lenstar,and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods In this cross-sectional study,AS-OCT,Lenstar,and UBM were used to measure the CCT in 54 patients (83 eyes) between October 2015 and August 2016 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Data were statistically analyzed by random analysis of variance, Pearson correlative analysis,and Bland-Altman analysis to compare the difference,correlation,and consistency among the three instruments. Results The differences in the mean CCT measured by the three instruments were statistically significant (P < 0. 05 for all comparisons). There was also a high correlation (all P < 0. 001) and consistency among the three instruments. Conclusion There is a high level of correlation and consistency in the CCT measurements by the three instruments. Therefore,these could be interchangeable under some circumstances. AS-OCT could be the first choice as an early screening tool for glaucoma.

Analysis of Chronic Disease Prevention Literacy among Primary and Secondary School Students in Dalian / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To understand the current status of chronic disease prevention literacy among primary and secondary school students in Dalian and to provide evidence for developing health education regarding chronic diseases and promotion strategies in students. Methods A total of 1 058 students from four districts or counties in Dalian were investigated through a questionnaire survey using stratified cluster sampling in 2015. A multiple linear regression method from Stata 15. 0 was used to identify the influencing factors of chronic disease prevention literacy among primary and junior school students. Results The current status of chronic disease prevention literacy was 6. 62 ％ among primary and junior school students in Dalian,and it was higher in urban students than in those from rural areas (P <0. 001),higher in junior school than in primary school (P < 0. 001),and higher in girls than in boys (P = 0. 034). There also appeared to be a positive regression relationship with parents' higher education degrees (P < 0. 001). Conclusion The current status of chronic disease prevention literacy is low among primary and secondary school students in Dalian. We should strengthen their health literacy level, mobilize the role of their parents,and especially increase chronic disease prevention awareness and the self-care ability of the rural students.

STD/AIDS high risk factors among pregnant women in sentinel hospital of Liangxi District of Wuxi City, 2010-2015 / 上海预防医学

[Objective] To investigate the awareness rate of AIDS and STDs related knowledge, the epidemic features of high-risk behaviors and related risk factors among pregnant women in a sentinel hospital of Liangxi District of Wuxi City. [Methods]The pregnant women who built health care manual or accepted pregnancy health care from April to June in every year during 2010-2015 were investigated.[Results]Of more than 2 400 pregnant women investigated, the infection rates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV were 0.04％, 0.46％ and 0.25％. The awareness rate of knowledge was 85.79％. But, the understanding of AIDS was not scientific and comprehensive. [Conclusion]The infection rates of HIV and other STDs were observed at low levels among pregnant women in the sentinel hospital of Liangxi District. But, some still had high-risk behaviors. The mastery degree of the knowledge of AIDS prevention and control were not comprehensive. Policy advocacy, health education, voluntary consultation test and many other prevention and control strategies must extend the coverage from high risk groups to pregnant women and many other general population. Intensive education about AIDS should be carried out to help people have a correct and scientific understanding of AIDS.

Clinical value of Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Disc-damage Likelihood Scale in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma / 中国医师进修杂志

Glaucoma, alias'the thief of light', characterized by visual field defects that correspond to damaged areas of the optic nerve head, is a common ophthalmopathy causing irreversible blindness. Thus early diagnosis is crucial. Structural assessment can detect Glaucoma in early stage and diminish the risk of irreversible visual impairment. There are now several apparatus which can clinically measure ONH parameters and confirm DDLS (disc damage likelihood scale) precisely and reproducibly. Comprehensive estimate considering RNFLD (retina nervefiberlayer defects), offers reliable evidence as well as potent support for preclinical detecting, measurement and follow-up observations.

Analysis of spatial distribution of artemisinin in Artemisia annua in China / 中国中药杂志

Geo-herbals are preferred by long-term clinical application of Chinese medicine, they are produced in a specific area and affected by the specific production and processing methods. Geo-herbals have a high reputation, compared with other regions produced by the same kind of herbs with good quality, efficacy and stable quality characteristics. Geo-herbal is a unique concept that has been formed by the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years and the history of Chinese medicine. According to the definition of geo-herbal, it can be seen that there are some differences in the quality and efficacy of the same kind of medicinal herbs in different regions, and there is some similarity in the specific area. In this study, the spatial distribution characteristics of artemisinin in Artemisia annua were analyzed by spatial statistical analysis. ①The spatial autocorrelation of artemisinin content was analyzed by "I coefficient". The results showed that the content of artemisinin in each province was significant and positive spatial autocorrelation. The content of artemisinin in each province was not randomly distributed, but with a clear spatial aggregation characteristics. ②The spatial variability of artemisinin content was analyzed by "G statistic". The results showed that the area with high content of artemisinin was distributed in the southwest region, and the content of artemisinin was concentrated in the space, which tends to accumulate at high value. The content of artemisinin in Tianjin and Liaoning province is low, and it tends to accumulate at low value, while the content of artemisinin in other provinces is the transition zone of high and low value. ③Based on the index of artemisinin in each province, the spatial correlation of artemisinin content in each region was analyzed by "moran scatter plot". The results showed that the content of artemisinin in nine provinces such as Guangxi and Chongqing belonged to high value gathering area. ④Based on the artemisinin content and ecological environment factor of sampling point, the "geophysical detector" was used to analyze the continuous quantitative data and discontinuous qualitative data. The results showed that the sunshine, temperature and precipitation were the main factors affecting the content of artemisinin.

Modified osteotomy of olecranon for the management of inter-condylar fracture of the humerus / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the surgical method and clinical outcome of modified osteotomy of olecranon for the treatment of inter-condylar fracture of humerus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2007 to December 2012, 32 patients of intercondylar fracture of humerus were treated surgically through the approach of modified osteotomy of olecranon. The patients were 21 males and 11 females with a mean age of 46.3 years (ranged 18 to 65 years). Nineteen fractures occurred on the right extremity and 13 on the left extremity. According to the AO classification, type C1 fracture was found in 7, C2 in 11 and C3 in 14. Five patients suffered from open fracture (Gustilo type Iin 3, type II in 2). Other fractures occurred in 6 patients and the primary injury of nerve occurred 6. The healing of the osteotomy was evaluated with physical examination and plain X-ray film, and the function of elbow was assessed according to Cassebaum scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed from 9 months to 5 years(average, 1.9 years). All the osteotomies healed at 7.4 weeks averagely after operation, and no nonunion, delayed union, fracture of ulna olecranon were found. Two cases had little pain on the elbow, heterotopic ossification occurred in 2 cases and cutting bone block loosed in 1 case. The function of the elbow showed excellent in 19 cases, good in 8, fair in 4 and poor in 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The use of the approach of modified olecranon osteotomy for surgical management of intercondylar fracture of humerus has some advantages, it provides satisfactory stability with simple technical procedures avoiding inter-articular invasion, and it facilitates rehabilitation exercises and providing good results with low complication rates.</p>

Spatial differences of Chinese material medicine resources species in Jilin province / 中国中药杂志

The differences in the spatial distribution of regional Chinese material medicine resources between regions are determined by differences in natural conditions and social resources among different regions. Spatiotemporal evolution of the distribution of Chinese material medicine resources is a manifestation of the development process of Chinese medicine industry in time and space. The spatiotemporal evolution of the distribution of regional Chinese material medicine resources can reveal the regularity of spatial distribution of Chinese material medicine resources. County as the basic unit of the national material medicine resources census, the difference of resource endowment is of great significance to the rational development of Chinese material medicine resources policy and the coordinated development of regional resources and environment. Based on the results of the pilot project of Jilin province, this study selected 51 counties that had completed the census of Chinese material medicine resources. According to the species of Chinese material medicine resources, we explored the diversity of Chinese material medicine resources in Jilin province by using statistical data analysis (ESDA), trend surface analysis and spatial variability function to analyze the spatial differences of Chinese material medicine resources. Chinese material medicine resources are distributed in the eastern and southeastern part of Jilin province, mostly in the Changbai Mountains. The species of Chinese material medicine resources tend to be low-value spatial aggregation; the overall cold spots are located in Changchun and Jilin city, near the administrative center, mostly urban built-up area. The rich areas of Chinese material medicine resources are rich in hot spots, mainly in broad-leaved forest. The low-abundance of Chinese material medicine resources is dominated by cultivated vegetation.

Research on extraction of ginseng planting distribution information based on object-oriented classification--by case study of Fusong country in Jilin / 中国中药杂志

Due to the particularity of ginseng cultivation, the soil fertility of cultivated ginseng is seriously depleted, so that the cultivated ginseng land can not be reused in the short term, and the land area available for cultivating ginseng becomes less and less with the growth of ginseng cultivation time. Therefore, in order to effectively manage ginseng cultivation, and achieve the sustainable use of ginseng land, it is necessary to obtain accurate information on the distribution of ginseng planting space. In this study, the object-oriented classification method based on rule set was used to extract ginseng planting area based on the ZY-3 satellite data in Fusong county, Jilin province. Firstly, multi-scale segmentation of ZY-3 remote sensing image in the study area was made, and the optimal segmentation scale was determined on the basis of multi-scale segmentation results. Secondly, a spectral curve according to the different feature type samples was generated. The similarities and differences between ginseng plot and other types of surface features were analyzed, and a rule set based on the results of spectral analysis was established to achieve the final extraction. The results show that the object-oriented classification method based on rule set can effectively extract the ginseng planting plots in the study area, and solve the problem that the extraction result is broken compared with the traditional pixel-based classification method.

Quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus regionalization based on GIS technology / 中国中药杂志

This paper is aims to clarify the spatial distribution of high quality medicinal materials Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Based on investigation and field investigation, the samples and distribution information of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus were collected. Based on the data of four kinds of lignin chemical constituents, ecological environment factors and spatial distribution data of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, using GIS technology, maximum information entropy model and SPSS statistical analysis method for regionalizing the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. The results showed that Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus was mainly distributed in the northeast of Liaoning, east of Jilin, east of Heilongjiang. The content of schisandrin was higher in the samples from northeastern part of Jilin province and the northeastern part of Liaoning province, The content of deoxyschizandrin was higher in the samples from middle of Jilin province and northeastern Hebei province, where the content of schisandrin B was higher in the samples from Jilin area, The higher schisantherin A sample were from southeast of Jilin and northeast of Liaoning. Considering the content of four components in Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus was concentrated in the southeast of Jilin and the northeastern part of Liaoning.