Evaluation of Information of Websites on Precocious Puberty

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality and scientific accuracy of internet information regarding precocious puberty. METHODS: We identified websites by entering "precocious puberty" or "early puberty" into 5 search engines from May to July 2011. The top 50 websites from each search engine were included, excluding websites that were duplicate, inaccessible, or had poor information (containing fewer than two subjects of definition, causes, diagnosis, or treatment); 60 sites were identified. We classified the websites according to website author, evaluated the quality with the DISCERN instrument, giving a scientific accuracy with information score (IS) ranging from 0 to 30 points. RESULTS: Analysis of the quality with the DISCERN instrument showed that the majority of websites received low overall ratings regardless of the authors. Assessing the scientific accuracy, the mean IS of oriental websites (10.82) was significantly low compared to that of academic authors (22.61), physician authors (21.50), commercial authors (22.88), and other authors (27.00). CONCLUSION: With the exception of oriental websites, scientifically accurate information was provided on the websites regarding precocious puberty. Most of the analyzed websites showed low reliability. It is important to provide reliable information as well as scientifically accurate information

A Case of Turner Syndrome Associated with Idiopathic Central Diabetes Insipidus / 대한소아내분비학회지

We report a case of Turner syndrome associated with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus in a 12-year-old girl, who presented with polyuria and polydipsia after a year. The patient was very short and and centrally obese, and was initially diagnosed with Turner syndrome, hyperlipidema, and diabetes mellitus. A water deprivation test revealed central diabetes insipidus, and sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a thickening of the pituitary stalk, with normal high signal intensity in the posterior pituitary gland. Replacement therapy with desmopressin was initiated, and follow-up sellar MRI findings after two years showed spontaneous regression of the thickened pituitary stalk. There are only few reports of concomitant Turner syndrome with central diabetes insipidus worldwide. Further observation is needed in order to disclose the cause of central diabetes insipidus in patients having Turner syndrome.

A Case of Turner Syndrome Associated with Idiopathic Central Diabetes Insipidus / 대한소아내분비학회지

We report a case of Turner syndrome associated with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus in a 12-year-old girl, who presented with polyuria and polydipsia after a year. The patient was very short and and centrally obese, and was initially diagnosed with Turner syndrome, hyperlipidema, and diabetes mellitus. A water deprivation test revealed central diabetes insipidus, and sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a thickening of the pituitary stalk, with normal high signal intensity in the posterior pituitary gland. Replacement therapy with desmopressin was initiated, and follow-up sellar MRI findings after two years showed spontaneous regression of the thickened pituitary stalk. There are only few reports of concomitant Turner syndrome with central diabetes insipidus worldwide. Further observation is needed in order to disclose the cause of central diabetes insipidus in patients having Turner syndrome.

Comparison between adverse effects of low and usual doses of intravenous aminophylline / 소아과

PURPOSE: Some patients develop side effects from theophylline even at low serum concentrations. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the side effects of theophylline. METHODS: A Prospective, controlled trial study was conducted. The low-dose group received an intravenous continuous aminophylline dose of 5 mg/kg/day on the first day and subsequently 10 mg/kg/day on the following two days. The usual-dose group received 10 mg/kg/day for three days and the control group received normal saline for three days. Heart rate, respiratory rate, serum concentration of theophylline, and four adverse events (irritability, sleep disturbance, jitter, and vomiting) were checked at the time of admission and at 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the start of aminophylline infusions. RESULTS: Nine patients out of 37 in the low-dose group and six of 21 in the usual-dose group dropped out because of uncontrolled irritability. The serum concentrations of theophylline in dropouts (3.68+/-1.93 ig/mL) and participants (4.47+/-2.45 ig/mL) were not significantly different. Irritability was a more frequent side effect in the usual-dose group at 12 h, but there was no difference between the low-dose and usual-dose groups in terms of vomiting, sleep disturbance, and jitter. Most of the severe adverse effects were observed in children below two years of age. CONCLUSION: Some patients dropped out regardless of the initiating aminophylline dose, especially patients under the age of two years.

A Case of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Child Presented with Acute Abdominal Pain / 대한소아내분비학회지

Primary Hyperparathyroidism is the metabolism abnormality of calcium, phosphate, and bone due to the high synthesis of parathyroid hormone, a rare endocrine disease in children. It scarcely occurs in children so that till now it was reported only 4 cases in Korea, especially with abdominal symptoms. We report this case of primary hyperparathyroidism with brief review of literatures.

A Case of Recurrent Granulation Tissue Showing Dyspnea after Bronchial Rupture / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

Rupture of the major airway by blunt chest trauma is uncommon. It can potentially cause serious complications, such as tension pneumothorax or cardiovascular injuries, with an overall mortality rate reaching up to 30%. The etiology of trauma includes fall-down, traffic accidents, cycling and child abuse. Dyspnea was the most common feature, followed by hemoptysis, air leak and chest pain. It is well known that dyspnea after chest trauma is due to accumulation of secretions in the airway, mucosal and cartilaginous injuries and associated parenchymal injuries. In cases of recurrent dyspnea in children irrespective of trauma, we should consider asthma, foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis, bronchial tumor, mediastinal tumor, gastroesophageal reflux disease and vascular ring. In this case, we found granulation tissue repeatedly causing obstruction of the airway at the site of rupture after traffic accident. Dyspnea resolved after surgical resection of the granulation tissue. We report a case of recurrent granulation tissue showing dyspnea after bronchial rupture.

A Case of Acute Hepatitis with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Transient Depression of Multiple Coagulation Factors

We report a case of acute severe hepatitis with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection and transient depression of multiple coagulation factors. A 5-year-old boy, previously healthy, was admitted with pneumonia. M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed by serology testing. Liver enzymes were elevated on admission without any past medical history. After treatment with azithromycin for 3 days, pneumonia improved, but the hepatitis was acutely aggravated. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was prolonged and depression of multiple coagulation factors developed. Liver biopsy revealed features consistent with acute hepatitis. A week later, liver enzymes were nearly normalized spontaneously. Normalization of prolonged PTT and coagulation factors were also observed several months later. This may be the first case of transient depression of multiple coagulation factors associated with M. pneumoniae infection.